The six Platinum Group Metals (i.e., platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and osmium) are chemically very similar and are used for many applications.

The six Platinum Group Metals (i.e., platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and osmium) are chemically very similar and are used for many applications.

[[File:T--Aix-Marseille--Autocatalyst.png|300px|left]]

[[File:T--Aix-Marseille--Autocatalyst.png|300px|left]]

An autocatalyst is a cylinder or elliptical cross section made from ceramic or metal formed into a fine honeycomb and coated with a solution of chemicals and a combination of platinum, rhodium and/or palladium. It is mounted inside a stainless steel canister (the whole assembly is called a catalytic converter) and installed in a vehicle's exhaust line where it converts pollutants from the combustion of fuel into harmless gases. Without PGMs, the desired conversion reactions in the catalytic converter would not take place, resulting in the vehicle not meeting the emissions regulations. Other materials have been tried, but have not met the long term activity and durability requirements of modern-day emission control systems.  

An autocatalyst is a cylinder or elliptical cross section made from ceramic or metal formed into a fine honeycomb and coated with a solution of chemicals and a combination of platinum, rhodium and/or palladium. It is mounted inside a stainless steel canister (the whole assembly is called a catalytic converter) and installed in a vehicle's exhaust line where it converts pollutants from the combustion of fuel into harmless gases. Without PGMs, the desired conversion reactions in the catalytic converter would not take place, resulting in the vehicle not meeting the emissions regulations. Other materials have been tried, but have not met the long term activity and durability requirements of modern-day emission control systems.  

The activity of the PGMs enables the reactions to occur at low temperature conditions that exist during cold starting of a vehicle, when emissions are at their highest. Durability is important since catalytic converters need to perform over the life of the vehicle. It also means that when an automobile is scrapped the precious metal contained in the catalytic converter is available for recycling, creating a valuable supplementary source to mining for the production of new autocatalysts. Platinum Group Metals are therefore an important features for the development of automobile industry.

The activity of the PGMs enables the reactions to occur at low temperature conditions that exist during cold starting of a vehicle, when emissions are at their highest. Durability is important since catalytic converters need to perform over the life of the vehicle. It also means that when an automobile is scrapped the precious metal contained in the catalytic converter is available for recycling, creating a valuable supplementary source to mining for the production of new autocatalysts. Platinum Group Metals are therefore an important features for the development of automobile industry.

[[File:T--Aix-Marseille--Jewellery.png|300px|right]]

[[File:T--Aix-Marseille--Jewellery.png|300px|right]]

Among the main advantages of platinum for jewellery fabrication are its strength and resistance to tarnish. In most of the countries in which platinum jewellery is manufactured, it is made in a purity of at least 85 per cent platinum. Other platinum group metals - palladium, ruthenium and iridium - and copper and cobalt are commonly alloyed with platinum to optimise its working characteristics and wear properties.  

Among the main advantages of platinum for jewellery fabrication are its strength and resistance to tarnish. In most of the countries in which platinum jewellery is manufactured, it is made in a purity of at least 85 per cent platinum. Other platinum group metals - palladium, ruthenium and iridium - and copper and cobalt are commonly alloyed with platinum to optimise its working characteristics and wear properties.  

[[File:T--Aix-Marseille--Electronics.jpeg|300px|left]]

[[File:T--Aix-Marseille--Electronics.jpeg|300px|left]]

Platinum, palladium, rhodium and iridium are used to coat electrodes, the tiny components in all electronic products which help to control the flow of electricity. Palladium is contained in most microprocessors and printed circuit boards. Platinum is used to make fiberglass, liquid-crystal display (LCD) glass and flat-panel displays, and cathode ray tubes. PGM equipment is used to make ceramic glass.

Platinum, palladium, rhodium and iridium are used to coat electrodes, the tiny components in all electronic products which help to control the flow of electricity. Palladium is contained in most microprocessors and printed circuit boards. Platinum is used to make fiberglass, liquid-crystal display (LCD) glass and flat-panel displays, and cathode ray tubes. PGM equipment is used to make ceramic glass.

Platinum, for example, is used to create key components for a variety of medical devices, including pacemakers, catheters, stents, neuromodulation devices and implantable defibrillators. Platinum is also used in anticancer drugs such as cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin. It is the properties of this precious metal that makes it the material of choice for many medical applications: its biocompatibility, inertness with the human body, durability, electrical conductivity and radiopacity. In 2015, a review described the role played by platinum-based drugs in our society and all of the future applications that will rise through the new technology such as functional genomics. <ref>http://erc.endocrinology-journals.org/content/22/4/R219 Apps et al., 2015</ref>

Platinum, for example, is used to create key components for a variety of medical devices, including pacemakers, catheters, stents, neuromodulation devices and implantable defibrillators. Platinum is also used in anticancer drugs such as cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin. It is the properties of this precious metal that makes it the material of choice for many medical applications: its biocompatibility, inertness with the human body, durability, electrical conductivity and radiopacity. In 2015, a review described the role played by platinum-based drugs in our society and all of the future applications that will rise through the new technology such as functional genomics. <ref>http://erc.endocrinology-journals.org/content/22/4/R219 Apps et al., 2015</ref>

In all domains, nanoparticles are an emergent subject. Through their special abilities and properties, they will be a very powerful tool for future experiments Their main advantage is to have a very catalytic efficiency. As very tiny spheres the whole surface available for reaction are particularly large.  In our process, we want to purify metals from plants or wastewater with siderophores, which are biological molecules naturally secreted by bacteria. Thanks to this process, we will create platinum nanoparticles, that are a high valuable form of this metal. That is why our process is relevant and look to the future! Platinum nanoparticles probably will  be one of the most desired form of platinum in the next century...

In all domains, nanoparticles are an emergent subject. Through their special abilities and properties, they will be a very powerful tool for future experiments Their main advantage is to have a very catalytic efficiency. As very tiny spheres the whole surface available for reaction are particularly large.  In our process, we want to purify metals from plants or wastewater with siderophores, which are biological molecules naturally secreted by bacteria. Thanks to this process, we will create platinum nanoparticles, that are a high valuable form of this metal. That is why our process is relevant and look to the future! Platinum nanoparticles probably will  be one of the most desired form of platinum in the next century...