Difference between revisions of "Team:DTU-Denmark/substrate"
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The dimorphic, non-conventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, belonging to the Ascomyceta phylum, was first isolated in 1960s from lipid-rich materials, hence the name “lipolytica”. The organism was classified and reclassified a number of times, first as <i>Candida lipolytica</i>, then <i>Endomycopsis lipolytica</i>, <i>Saccharomycopsis lipolytica</i> and finally <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i><sup><a href="#references">1</a></sup>. The figure shows <i>Y. lipolytica</i> cells under a microscope. The magnification factor is 100x. | The dimorphic, non-conventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, belonging to the Ascomyceta phylum, was first isolated in 1960s from lipid-rich materials, hence the name “lipolytica”. The organism was classified and reclassified a number of times, first as <i>Candida lipolytica</i>, then <i>Endomycopsis lipolytica</i>, <i>Saccharomycopsis lipolytica</i> and finally <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i><sup><a href="#references">1</a></sup>. The figure shows <i>Y. lipolytica</i> cells under a microscope. The magnification factor is 100x. | ||
</p> | </p> | ||
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| − | |||
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| − | |||
| − | <!-- The Modal with same picture--> | + | <figure class="figure"> |
| − | + | <img id="Y.lMicro" class="enlarge img-responsive figure-img substrate" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/5/57/T--DTU-Denmark--micro-Y.lip.png" alt="DESCRIPTION"> | |
| − | + | <figcaption class="figure-caption">This figure shows <i>Y.lipolytica</i> in plactonic growth with 100x magnification</figcaption> | |
| − | + | </figure> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | <!-- The Modal with same picture--> | |
| + | <div id="Y.lMicroModal" class="modal"> | ||
| + | <span class="close Y.lMicro">×</span> | ||
| + | <img class="modal-content" id="Y.lMicro"> | ||
| + | <div class="caption">DESCRIPTION</div> | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | <p> | ||
| + | In recent years <i> Y. Lipolytica</i> has received increased attention from researchers, as studies have found it to possess great potential for producing industrial enzymes and pharmaceutical proteins Biotechnological applications of Yarrowia lipolytica: Past, present and future. This potential is a result of several advantages <i> Y. Lipolytica</i> has over the conventional yeast <i> S. cerevisiae</i>. <i> Y. Lipolytica</i> prefer secreting proteins through the co-transcription pathway and does so very efficiently<sup><a href="#references">2</a></sup>, it does not exhibit hyperglycosylation as <i> S. cerevisiae</i><sup><a href="#references">3</a></sup>. <i> Y. Lipolytica</i> has also been shown to exhibit excellent characteristics for the production of value-added chemicals such as a long range of organic acids and polyols Biotechnological applications of Yarrowia lipolytica: Past, present and future, and the recent introduction of several genome-scale models for <i> Y. Lipolytica</i> will most likely lead to more processes utilizing the chassis for production. Perhaps the most important advantage for using <i> Y. Lipolytica</i> over <i> S. cerevisiae</i>, to our project at least, is the broad substrate utilization range of <i> Y. Lipolytica</i>. <i> Y. Lipolytica</i> is known to naturally utilize alcohols (especially glycerol), acetate and hydrophobic substrates (eg. alkanes, fatty acids and oils) as carbon sources<sup><a href="#references">4</a></sup>. This has naturally lead to <i> Y. Lipolytica</i> becoming a model organism for several metabolic pathways, especially fatty acid transport and metabolism, and single cell oil (SCO) accumulation. <i> Y. Lipolytica</i> has even been shown to exhibit enhanced growth on mixed substrates Yarrowia lipolytica as an oleaginous cell factory platform for production of fatty acid-based biofuel and bioproducts, which renders it ideal for utilization of industrial waste streams due to the highly diverse content of these. These findings had us believe that we had found an excellent candidate chassis for our project. The table shows a comparison of the substrate range of <i> Y. Lipolytica</i> W29 and <i> S. cerevisiae</i> CEN.PK113-7D. | ||
| + | </p> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <table class="table table-bordered"> | ||
| + | <thead> | ||
| + | <tr> | ||
| + | <th></th> | ||
| + | <th><i>Y. Lipolytica</i></th> | ||
| + | <th><i>S. cerevisiae</i></th> | ||
| + | </tr> | ||
| + | </thead> | ||
| + | <tbody> | ||
| + | <tr> | ||
| + | <td>Sediment from canola oil production</td> | ||
| + | <td>µ = 0.31</td> | ||
| + | <td>None</td> | ||
| + | </tr> | ||
| + | <tr> | ||
| + | <td>Glycerol from Perstop</td> | ||
| + | <td>µ = 0.27</td> | ||
| + | <td>None</td> | ||
| + | </tr> | ||
| + | <tr> | ||
| + | <td>Glycerol from Emmelev</td> | ||
| + | <td>µ = 0.45</td> | ||
| + | <td>None</td> | ||
| + | </tr> | ||
| + | <tr> | ||
| + | <td>Glycerol from Daka</td> | ||
| + | <td>µ = 0.31</td> | ||
| + | <td>None</td> | ||
| + | </tr> | ||
| + | <tr> | ||
| + | <td>Molasses from Dansukker</td> | ||
| + | <td>µ = 0.42*</td> | ||
| + | <td>µ = 0.47</td> | ||
| + | </tr> | ||
| + | </tbody> | ||
| + | </table> | ||
| + | <p> | ||
| + | * it should be noted that the molasses was autoclaved thus degrading some of the sucrose content. This growth might not be possible to replicate with untreated molasses. | ||
| + | </p> | ||
| + | <p> | ||
| + | As seen in the table <i> Y. Lipolytica </i> is able to grow on all the waste sources we tested, while <i>S. cerevisiae</i> is only able to grow on molasses. | ||
| + | </p> | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
</div> <!-- /overview--> | </div> <!-- /overview--> | ||
<div><a class="anchor" id="section-2"></a> | <div><a class="anchor" id="section-2"></a> | ||
| − | <h2 class="h2"> | + | <h2 class="h2">Methods</h2> |
| Line 185: | Line 233: | ||
<ol> | <ol> | ||
<li> Barth and Gaillardin, 1996</li> | <li> Barth and Gaillardin, 1996</li> | ||
| − | <li></li> | + | <li> (Domínguez et al., 1998)</li> |
| − | <li></li> | + | <li>(Shusta et al. 1998)</li> |
| − | <li></li> | + | <li>Barth 2013</li> |
<li></li> | <li></li> | ||
<li></li> | <li></li> | ||
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<div class="col-md-3 col-sm-2 colRight" id="scrollspy"> | <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-2 colRight" id="scrollspy"> | ||
<ul class="nav" id="sidebar"> | <ul class="nav" id="sidebar"> | ||
| − | <li><a href="#section-1"> | + | <li><a href="#section-1">Introduction</a></li> |
| − | <li><a href="#section-2"> | + | <li><a href="#section-2">Methods</a></li> |
| − | <li><a href="#section-3"> | + | <li><a href="#section-3">Outline of proces</a></li> |
| − | <li><a href="#section-4"> | + | <li><a href="#section-4">Canola oil sediment</a></li> |
| − | <li><a href="#section-5"> | + | <li><a href="#section-5">Glycerol byproduct</a></li> |
| − | <li><a href="#section-6"> | + | <li><a href="#section-6">Molasses</a></li> |
| − | <li><a href="# | + | <li><a href="#references">References</a></li> |
</ul> | </ul> | ||
</div> <!-- /RIGHT --> | </div> <!-- /RIGHT --> | ||
Revision as of 09:22, 19 October 2016
Title
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Section 1
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Someone famous in Source Title
The dimorphic, non-conventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, belonging to the Ascomyceta phylum, was first isolated in 1960s from lipid-rich materials, hence the name “lipolytica”. The organism was classified and reclassified a number of times, first as Candida lipolytica, then Endomycopsis lipolytica, Saccharomycopsis lipolytica and finally Yarrowia lipolytica1. The figure shows Y. lipolytica cells under a microscope. The magnification factor is 100x.
In recent years Y. Lipolytica has received increased attention from researchers, as studies have found it to possess great potential for producing industrial enzymes and pharmaceutical proteins Biotechnological applications of Yarrowia lipolytica: Past, present and future. This potential is a result of several advantages Y. Lipolytica has over the conventional yeast S. cerevisiae. Y. Lipolytica prefer secreting proteins through the co-transcription pathway and does so very efficiently2, it does not exhibit hyperglycosylation as S. cerevisiae3. Y. Lipolytica has also been shown to exhibit excellent characteristics for the production of value-added chemicals such as a long range of organic acids and polyols Biotechnological applications of Yarrowia lipolytica: Past, present and future, and the recent introduction of several genome-scale models for Y. Lipolytica will most likely lead to more processes utilizing the chassis for production. Perhaps the most important advantage for using Y. Lipolytica over S. cerevisiae, to our project at least, is the broad substrate utilization range of Y. Lipolytica. Y. Lipolytica is known to naturally utilize alcohols (especially glycerol), acetate and hydrophobic substrates (eg. alkanes, fatty acids and oils) as carbon sources4. This has naturally lead to Y. Lipolytica becoming a model organism for several metabolic pathways, especially fatty acid transport and metabolism, and single cell oil (SCO) accumulation. Y. Lipolytica has even been shown to exhibit enhanced growth on mixed substrates Yarrowia lipolytica as an oleaginous cell factory platform for production of fatty acid-based biofuel and bioproducts, which renders it ideal for utilization of industrial waste streams due to the highly diverse content of these. These findings had us believe that we had found an excellent candidate chassis for our project. The table shows a comparison of the substrate range of Y. Lipolytica W29 and S. cerevisiae CEN.PK113-7D.
| Y. Lipolytica | S. cerevisiae | |
|---|---|---|
| Sediment from canola oil production | µ = 0.31 | None |
| Glycerol from Perstop | µ = 0.27 | None |
| Glycerol from Emmelev | µ = 0.45 | None |
| Glycerol from Daka | µ = 0.31 | None |
| Molasses from Dansukker | µ = 0.42* | µ = 0.47 |
* it should be noted that the molasses was autoclaved thus degrading some of the sucrose content. This growth might not be possible to replicate with untreated molasses.
As seen in the table Y. Lipolytica is able to grow on all the waste sources we tested, while S. cerevisiae is only able to grow on molasses.
Methods
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Section 2.1
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$$ a_w^\rho \quad \quad $$
When $a \ne 0$, there are two solutions to \(ax^2 + bx + c = 0\) and they are
$$x = {-b \pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac} \over 2a}.$$
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Section 2.2
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Section 2.3
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Section 3
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Section 4
Has ut facer debitis, quo eu agam purto. In eum justo aeterno. Sea ut atqui efficiantur, mandamus deseruisse at est, erat natum cum eu. Quot numquam in vel. Salutatus euripidis moderatius qui ex, eu tempor volumus vituperatoribus has, ius ea ullum facer corrumpit.
Section 5
Has ut facer debitis, quo eu agam purto. In eum justo aeterno. Sea ut atqui efficiantur, mandamus deseruisse at est, erat natum cum eu. Quot numquam in vel. Salutatus euripidis moderatius qui ex, eu tempor volumus vituperatoribus has, ius ea ullum facer corrumpit.
Section 6
Has ut facer debitis, quo eu agam purto. In eum justo aeterno. Sea ut atqui efficiantur, mandamus deseruisse at est, erat natum cum eu. Quot numquam in vel. Salutatus euripidis moderatius qui ex, eu tempor volumus vituperatoribus has, ius ea ullum facer corrumpit.
