Difference between revisions of "Team:NYMU-Taipei/HP/Gold-Law and Policy"

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<h2 style="margin-top:30px; margin-bottom:10px; line-height: 24px;">We have a hardware, a software for Ios-i-GEM, yet …</h2><hr />
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<br />
 +
<h2 style="margin-top:90px; margin-bottom:10px; line-height: 24px;">Law and Policy</h2><hr />
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">Sustainable agriculture is a global trend. Currently, many countries are joining this trend by adjusting their law for the purpose of establishing an eco-friendly farming environment. However, Taiwan’s laws on biological control agents are slightly outdated. Thus, we compared laws and regulations on biological control agents of US, European Union, and China, hoping to find out which part of Taiwan’ s law should be changed.</p><br />
  
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<p style="font-size:16px;">Besides the fungal killing switch and the functional prototype that help reduce concerns over GMO, we wonder what else in iGEM we can do as <b>social practice</b> to really engage in growers’ life and help them diminish threats posed by those pests. So far in our project, the entomogenous fungus provides a biological, no-harm attempt to eradicate the pests, which is one of the most important components of our idea. The prototype makes applying these genetically-engineered fungi practical and perhaps better. Now that we have a software and a hardware, what can we do more for the growers?</p>
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<h2 style="margin-top:30px; margin-bottom:10px;">Comparison of pesticide registration application</h2><hr>
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<p style="font-size:16px;">The answer came to the app, a well-design, thoughtful and realistic app. Growers, as well as government officials can simply check the “Taiwan Pest Prediction web”, where we provide 4 common pests in Taiwan with time scale from 1 day to 3 days. We offer the predicted pest scale from 0~16, 16~64, and above 64, 4 ranges in total. We convert prediction question into classification question, by building numerous classifiers and perform voting, we can get the prediction that most classifiers agree to. More important, we put all the code on github as open source, everyone and from every country can take advantage of our efforts to establish a better and powerful prediction program.</p>
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 +
<div class="tablesatisfysp" style="overflow-x:auto;">
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<table border="1" style="margin-top:20px;">
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　<tr>
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　    <td style="width:400px;"></td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;">US</td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;">European Union</td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;">China</td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;">Taiwan</td>
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　</tr>
 +
　<tr>
 +
　    <td style="width:400px;">Applicant infomation</td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
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　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
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　</tr>
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　<tr>
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　    <td style="width:400px;">Product Chemistry</td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
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　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
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　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
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　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
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　</tr>
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　<tr>
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　    <td style="width:400px;">Data from Studies that Determine Hazard to Humans and Domestic Animals</td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
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　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
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　</tr>
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　<tr>
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　    <td style="width:400px;">Residue Chemistry</td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
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　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
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　    <td style="width:100px;"></td>
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　    <td style="width:400px;">Data from Studies that Determine Hazard to Non-target Organisms</td>
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　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
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　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
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　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
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　    <td style="width:400px;">Environmental Fate</td>
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　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
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　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
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　    <td style="width:400px;">Product Performance</td>
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　    <td style="width:100px;"></td>
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　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
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　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
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　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
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　    <td style="width:400px;">Applicator/User Exposure </td>
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　    <td style="width:100px;"></td>
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　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
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　    <td style="width:400px;">Studies</td>
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　    <td style="width:400px;">Advertisements</td>
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　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
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　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
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<p style="font-size:16px;">According the table above, we suggested that Taiwan’s lawmakers should be aware of the regulation of Residue Chemistry and advertisement since there were more than two countries in the world that have regulations on those aspects of biological pest control agents.</p>
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<h2 style="margin-top:30px; margin-bottom:10px; line-height: 24px;">Collaboration</h2><hr />
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<p style="font-size:16px;">Let us examine in more detail about the law and regulation of those three countries and the European Union!</p>
−
<p style="font-size:16px;">This app is the outcome of our collaboration with NCTU. We first developed our idea of construct such a web app for social practice. In August, when we have done the web crawling part, we participated in Asia-Pacific iGEM conference hosted by NCKU, and met our friends from NCKU. It was incredible to meet friends with similar ideas and, most importantly, we decided to collaborate at that time. From then, we had several face-to-face talks in FB Messenger and frequent calls. </p>
+
 
 +
 
 +
<h2 style="margin-top:30px; margin-bottom:10px;">US Regulations</h2><hr>
 +
 
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;"><b>What are Biological pesticides(Biopesticides)?</b></p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">Biological pesticides are types of pesticides derived from natural materials, such as animals, plants, bacteria, and certain minerals. </p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;"><b>Requirements</b></p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">New pesticide application has to pass the “pre-registration meeting” first. The applicant also need to hand in the required data<a href="https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-registration/data-requirements-pesticide-registration">required data</a>to proceed to the assessment stage.</p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;"><b>Reference</b></p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)</p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA)</p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">40 CFR 158.2120: (1) Product Chemistry (2) Specifications</p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">40 CFR 158.2130: Residue Chemistry</p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">40 CFR 158.2140: Data from Studies that Determine Hazard to Humans and Domestic Animals</p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">40 CFR 158.2150: Data from Studies that Determine Hazard to Non-target Organisms and Environmental Fate</p>
 +
 
 +
<h2 style="margin-top:30px; margin-bottom:10px;">European Union Regulations</h2><hr>
 +
 
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;"><b>What are Biological pesticides(Biopesticides)?</b></p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">None.  They use “active substances” to classify the pesticide.  According to Regulation 1107/2009, there are “chemical substance” and “microbial” two classes.</p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;"><b>Requirements</b></p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">First, new pesticides are required to pass the active substances test. Then, it is handed to the European Food Safety Authority(EFSA), then transferred to the European Commission (EC). After it passed all the assessments, EU members will perform product checks before the pesticide is recognized as a product fit for commercialization in their country.</p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;"><b>Reference</b></p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">Commission Regulation No. 544/2011</p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">Commission Regulation No. 545/2011</p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">Commission Regulation No. 396/2005 </p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;"><a href="http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/index_en.htm">http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/index_en.htm</a></p>
 +
 
 +
<h2 style="margin-top:30px; margin-bottom:10px;">China Regulations</h2><hr>
 +
 
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;"><b>What are Biological pesticides(Biopesticides)?</b></p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">Biological Pesticides are microbial including bacteria, fungi, virus, and genetically modified microbial, in origin.</p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;"><b>Requirements</b></p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">Assessment of product chemistry and hazard to humans and domestic animals are required. Furthermore, the data of the pesticide efficiency and residue chemistry in other countries are also required. The special requirement of microbial is to provide the characteristic of the microbial.</p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;"><b>Reference</b></p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">农药管理条例</p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;"><a href="http://www.moa.gov.cn/ztzl/zjyqwgz/zcfg/201007/t20100717_1601261.htm">http://www.moa.gov.cn/ztzl/zjyqwgz/zcfg/201007/t20100717_1601261.htm</a></p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">农药登记资料要求</p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;"><a href=" http://www.moa.gov.cn/zwllm/zcfg/qtbmgz/200601/t20060123_540594.htm"> http://www.moa.gov.cn/zwllm/zcfg/qtbmgz/200601/t20060123_540594.htm</a></p>
 +
 
 +
 
  
−
<p style="font-size:16px;">The attribution is listed as following:</p>
 
−
<h3 style="margin-top:30px; margin-bottom:10px; line-height: 24px;">NCTU</h3>
 
−
<li style="list-style-type:disc;"><p style="font-size:16px;">Provide us with expertise in FTP, web crawling, and the concept in pipeline</p></li>
 
−
<li style="list-style-type:disc;"><p style="font-size:16px;">Streamline code, making it more readable and understandable.</p></li>
 
−
<li style="list-style-type:disc;"><p style="font-size:16px;">Provide the idea of open source, and we did put our code on github.</p></li>
 
−
<h3 style="margin-top:30px; margin-bottom:10px; line-height: 24px;">NYMU</h3>
 
−
<li style="list-style-type:disc;"><p style="font-size:16px;">First come up with this idea</p></li>
 
−
<li style="list-style-type:disc;"><p style="font-size:16px;">Write program for web-crawling, date processing, machine learning and FTP uploading.</p></li>
 
−
<li style="list-style-type:disc;"><p style="font-size:16px;">Establish FTP host and write UI website.</p></li>
 
 
</div>
 
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 +
<div class="prototypeprototype">
 
<div class="fund">
 
<div class="fund">
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<h2 style="margin-top:30px; margin-bottom:10px; line-height: 24px;">How does it work?</h2>
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<br />
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<div class="imageimage">
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<h2 style="margin-top:30px; margin-bottom:10px; line-height: 24px;">Law and Policy</h2><hr />
−
<img src="" width="100%" />
+
<p style="font-size:16px;">Sustainable agriculture is a global trend.  Many countries are keeping up changing their law in order to build up an eco-friendly farming environment. However, Taiwan’s law is a little outdated.   Thus, we compare law and regulation of biological control of US, European Union, and China. Hope to find out which part is Taiwan’ s law needed to take close look of.</p><br />
−
</div>
+
−
<p style="font-size:16px; white-space:pre-wrap; line-height: 24px;">Step 1: Update climatological data
+
−
Connect to Agriculture weather website. Crawl and store the newest climatological data.
+
−
Step 2: Data process and making prediction
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−
Grasp necessary information from html, and build up several SVM and RandomForest classifiers for prediction. Merge the outcome with the web frame.
+
−
Step 3: upload to FTP
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−
Upload the html files to FTP.
+
−
<i>----icon credit: Freepik, Wissawa Khamsriwath, Madebyoliver, Gregor Cresnar</i>
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−
</p>
+
−
</div>
+
  
−
<div class="fund"><hr />
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<h2 style="margin-bottom:10px; line-height: 24px;">Comparison of pesticide registration application</h2><hr />
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<li style="list-style-type:disc;"><p style="font-size:16px;">Data source:</p></li>
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<table border="1" style="margin-top:20px;">
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<img src="" width="100%" />
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　<tr>
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<li style="list-style-type:disc;"><p style="font-size:16px;">Hypothesis:</p></li>
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　    <td style="width:400px;"></td>
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<ul>
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　    <td style="width:100px;">US</td>
−
<li style="list-style-type:square;"><p style="font-size:16px;">According to reports from Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, the weather condition can directly or indirectly influence the maturation of pest. Take oriental fruit fly for example, days of raining can lead to the maturation. Low temperature, in contrast, resulting in small population size of oriental fruit fly. In building the model, we presumed that there is a relationship between weather and pest group size, such that there is a transformational matrix that transforms the weather information approximately to pest group size.</p></li>
+
　    <td style="width:100px;">European Union</td>
−
<li style="list-style-type:square;"><p style="font-size:16px;">Feature selection: We choose average day temperature, highest day temperature, lowest day temperature, rainfall as feature.</p></li>
+
　    <td style="width:100px;">China</td>
−
</ul>
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　    <td style="width:100px;">Taiwan</td>
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<li style="list-style-type:disc;"><p style="font-size:16px;">Model selection:</p></li>
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　</tr>
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<p style="font-size:16px;">We are using two famous and frequently used model in building prediction model, SVM and RandomForest.</p>
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　<tr>
−
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/9/99/T--NYMU-Taipei--photo-main-page-TPP5.png" width="100%" />
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　    <td style="width:400px;">Applicant infomation</td>
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<p style="font-size:10px;">(<font color="blue">A Gentle Introduction to Support Vector Machines in Biomedicine</font>, Alexander Statnikov*, Douglas Hardin# , Isabelle Guyon†, Constantin F. Aliferis)</p>
+
　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
−
<a style="font-size:16px;" href="http://www.med.nyu.edu/chibi/sites/default/files/chibi/Final.pdf">http://www.med.nyu.edu/chibi/sites/default/files/chibi/Final.pdf</a>
+
　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
−
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/a/ae/T--NYMU-Taipei--photo-main-page-TPP6.png" width="100%" />
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　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
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<p style="font-size:10px;">(ICCV TUTORIAL, BOOSTING and Random Forest for Visual Recognition, Tae-Kyun Kim , Jamie Shotton , Björn Stenger )</p>
+
　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
−
<a style="font-size:16px;" href="http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/icvl/iccv09_tutorial.html">http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/icvl/iccv09_tutorial.html</a>
+
　</tr>
−
<p style="font-size:16px;">SVM is a machine learning method, by transforming data from dataspace into a hyper space, we can find a hyperplane that can separate these data with different labels. The SVM is trying to minimize the transformation matrix in some way. RandomForest is an ensembled decision forest. With building several decision trees, we are able to find out the best prediction that most decision tree agree.</p>
+
　<tr>
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<p style="font-size:16px;">In processing and testing data, member of NYMU discover that SVM made incredibly great prediction(~100%) when the datasets are big enough, while random forest got average score of 80%. However, in some cases, when randomforest model reached 60~70% of accuracy score, SVM got 50% or worse. We thus decide to build a simple ensembled prediction model, with different parameters and training datasets. And choose the pest population size that most classifiers agree. </p><br />
+
　    <td style="width:400px;">Product Chemistry</td>
−
<li style="list-style-type:disc;"><p style="font-size:16px;"></p></li>
+
　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
−
<ul>
+
　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
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<li style="list-style-type:square;"><p style="font-size:16px; white-space:pre-wrap;">SVM
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　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
−
A clear intro to
+
　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
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http://www.svm-tutorial.com/2014/11/svm-understanding-math-part-1/
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　</tr>
−
SVM without tears: page 19 is incredibly and clear
+
　<tr>
−
http://www.med.nyu.edu/chibi/sites/default/files/chibi/Final.pdf
+
　    <td style="width:400px;">Data from Studies that Determine Hazard to Humans and Domestic Animals</td>
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</p></li>
+
　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
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<li style="list-style-type:square;"><p style="font-size:16px; white-space:pre-wrap;">RandomForest
+
　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
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To realize RandomForest, it is recommended to understand decision tree first: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_tree (當作上面decision tree的超連結)
+
　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
−
Here is an intro to RandomForest In Wikipedia
+
　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_forest
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　</tr>
−
a pdf deliberates on RandomForest
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　<tr>
−
https://home.zhaw.ch/~dueo/bbs/files/random-forest-intro-presented.pdf
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　    <td style="width:400px;">Residue Chemistry</td>
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</p></li>
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　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
−
</ul>
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　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;"></td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;"></td>
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　</tr>
 +
　<tr>
 +
　    <td style="width:400px;">Data from Studies that Determine Hazard to Nontarget Organisms</td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;"></td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
 +
　</tr>
 +
　<tr>
 +
　    <td style="width:400px;">Environmental Fate</td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;"></td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;"></td>
 +
　</tr>
 +
　<tr>
 +
　    <td style="width:400px;">Product Performance</td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;"></td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
 +
　</tr>
 +
　<tr>
 +
　    <td style="width:400px;">Applicator/User Exposure </td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;"></td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;"></td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;"></td>
 +
　</tr>
 +
　<tr>
 +
　    <td style="width:400px;">Studies</td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;"></td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;"></td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;"></td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;"></td>
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　</tr>
 +
　<tr>
 +
　    <td style="width:400px;">Advertisements</td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;"></td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;">V</td>
 +
　    <td style="width:100px;"></td>
 +
　</tr>
 +
</table>
  
−
</div>
+
<p style="font-size:16px;">According the table above, we suggest that Taiwan’s lawmakers need to be aware of the regulation of “Residue Chemistry” and “advertisement” since there are more than two countries in the world take seriously about these parts.</p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">Let’s search further in law and regulation from those three countries and Union!</p>
  
 +
<h2 style="margin-top:30px; margin-bottom:10px;">US Regulations</h2><hr>
  
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;"><b>What are Biological pesticides(Biopesticides)?</b></p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">Biological pesticides co are certain types of pesticides derived from such natural materials as animals, plants, bacteria, and certain mineral</p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;"><b>Requirements</b></p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">New pesticide application needs to pass the “pre-registration meeting” first.  The applicant also need to hand in the <a href="https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-registration/data-requirements-pesticide-registration">required data</a>.  Then the next step is the assessment.</p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;"><b>Reference</b></p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)</p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA)</p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">40 CFR 158.2120: (1) Product Chemistry (2) Specifications</p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">40 CFR 158.2130: Residue Chemistry</p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">40 CFR 158.2140: Data from Studies that Determine Hazard to Humans and Domestic Animals</p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">40 CFR 158.2150: Data from Studies that Determine Hazard to Nontarget Organisms and Environmental Fate</p>
  
 +
<h2 style="margin-top:30px; margin-bottom:10px;">European Union Regulations</h2><hr>
 +
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;"><b>What are Biological pesticides(Biopesticides)?</b></p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">None.  They use “active substances” to classify the pesticide.  According to Regulation 1107/2009, there are “chemical substance” and “microbial” two classes.</p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;"><b>Requirements</b></p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">First, new pesticide should pass the active substances test.  Then hand in to the European Food Safety Authority(EFSA).  Next, they will hand in to European Commission(EC).  After pass all the tests, they will give the EU members to do the product check and then launch the product in their country.</p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;"><b>Reference</b></p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">Commission Regulation No. 544/2011</p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">Commission Regulation No. 545/2011</p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">Commission Regulation No. 396/2005 </p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;"><a href="http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/index_en.htm">http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/index_en.htm</a></p>
 +
 +
<h2 style="margin-top:30px; margin-bottom:10px;">China Regulations</h2><hr>
 +
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;"><b>What are Biological pesticides(Biopesticides)?</b></p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">Microbial including bacteria, fungi, virus, and genetically modified microbial.</p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;"><b>Requirements</b></p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">Product Chemistry and data of Hazard to Humans and Domestic Animals are required.  Others like the data of the pesticide efficiency and residue chemistry in other countries is also required.  The special requirement of microbial is to provide the characteristic of the microbial.</p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;"><b>Reference</b></p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">农药管理条例</p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;"><a href="http://www.moa.gov.cn/ztzl/zjyqwgz/zcfg/201007/t20100717_1601261.htm">http://www.moa.gov.cn/ztzl/zjyqwgz/zcfg/201007/t20100717_1601261.htm</a></p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;">农药登记资料要求</p>
 +
<p style="font-size:16px;"><a href=" http://www.moa.gov.cn/zwllm/zcfg/qtbmgz/200601/t20060123_540594.htm"> http://www.moa.gov.cn/zwllm/zcfg/qtbmgz/200601/t20060123_540594.htm</a></p>
 +
 +
 +
 +
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Latest revision as of 22:18, 19 October 2016


Law and Policy

Sustainable agriculture is a global trend. Currently, many countries are joining this trend by adjusting their law for the purpose of establishing an eco-friendly farming environment. However, Taiwan’s laws on biological control agents are slightly outdated. Thus, we compared laws and regulations on biological control agents of US, European Union, and China, hoping to find out which part of Taiwan’ s law should be changed.


Comparison of pesticide registration application

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　
USEuropean UnionChinaTaiwan
Applicant infomationVVVV
Product ChemistryVVVV
Data from Studies that Determine Hazard to Humans and Domestic AnimalsVVVV
Residue ChemistryVV
Data from Studies that Determine Hazard to Non-target OrganismsVVV
Environmental FateVV
Product PerformanceVVV
Applicator/User Exposure V
Studies
AdvertisementsVV

According the table above, we suggested that Taiwan’s lawmakers should be aware of the regulation of Residue Chemistry and advertisement since there were more than two countries in the world that have regulations on those aspects of biological pest control agents.

Let us examine in more detail about the law and regulation of those three countries and the European Union!

US Regulations

What are Biological pesticides(Biopesticides)?

Biological pesticides are types of pesticides derived from natural materials, such as animals, plants, bacteria, and certain minerals.

Requirements

New pesticide application has to pass the “pre-registration meeting” first. The applicant also need to hand in the required datarequired datato proceed to the assessment stage.

Reference

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)

Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA)

40 CFR 158.2120: (1) Product Chemistry (2) Specifications

40 CFR 158.2130: Residue Chemistry

40 CFR 158.2140: Data from Studies that Determine Hazard to Humans and Domestic Animals

40 CFR 158.2150: Data from Studies that Determine Hazard to Non-target Organisms and Environmental Fate

European Union Regulations

What are Biological pesticides(Biopesticides)?

None. They use “active substances” to classify the pesticide. According to Regulation 1107/2009, there are “chemical substance” and “microbial” two classes.

Requirements

First, new pesticides are required to pass the active substances test. Then, it is handed to the European Food Safety Authority(EFSA), then transferred to the European Commission (EC). After it passed all the assessments, EU members will perform product checks before the pesticide is recognized as a product fit for commercialization in their country.

Reference

Commission Regulation No. 544/2011

Commission Regulation No. 545/2011

Commission Regulation No. 396/2005

http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/index_en.htm

China Regulations

What are Biological pesticides(Biopesticides)?

Biological Pesticides are microbial including bacteria, fungi, virus, and genetically modified microbial, in origin.

Requirements

Assessment of product chemistry and hazard to humans and domestic animals are required. Furthermore, the data of the pesticide efficiency and residue chemistry in other countries are also required. The special requirement of microbial is to provide the characteristic of the microbial.

Reference

农药管理条例

http://www.moa.gov.cn/ztzl/zjyqwgz/zcfg/201007/t20100717_1601261.htm

农药登记资料要求

http://www.moa.gov.cn/zwllm/zcfg/qtbmgz/200601/t20060123_540594.htm


Law and Policy

Sustainable agriculture is a global trend. Many countries are keeping up changing their law in order to build up an eco-friendly farming environment. However, Taiwan’s law is a little outdated. Thus, we compare law and regulation of biological control of US, European Union, and China. Hope to find out which part is Taiwan’ s law needed to take close look of.


Comparison of pesticide registration application

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　
USEuropean UnionChinaTaiwan
Applicant infomationVVVV
Product ChemistryVVVV
Data from Studies that Determine Hazard to Humans and Domestic AnimalsVVVV
Residue ChemistryVV
Data from Studies that Determine Hazard to Nontarget OrganismsVVV
Environmental FateVV
Product PerformanceVVV
Applicator/User Exposure V
Studies
AdvertisementsVV

According the table above, we suggest that Taiwan’s lawmakers need to be aware of the regulation of “Residue Chemistry” and “advertisement” since there are more than two countries in the world take seriously about these parts.

Let’s search further in law and regulation from those three countries and Union!

US Regulations

What are Biological pesticides(Biopesticides)?

Biological pesticides co are certain types of pesticides derived from such natural materials as animals, plants, bacteria, and certain mineral

Requirements

New pesticide application needs to pass the “pre-registration meeting” first. The applicant also need to hand in the required data. Then the next step is the assessment.

Reference

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)

Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA)

40 CFR 158.2120: (1) Product Chemistry (2) Specifications

40 CFR 158.2130: Residue Chemistry

40 CFR 158.2140: Data from Studies that Determine Hazard to Humans and Domestic Animals

40 CFR 158.2150: Data from Studies that Determine Hazard to Nontarget Organisms and Environmental Fate

European Union Regulations

What are Biological pesticides(Biopesticides)?

None. They use “active substances” to classify the pesticide. According to Regulation 1107/2009, there are “chemical substance” and “microbial” two classes.

Requirements

First, new pesticide should pass the active substances test. Then hand in to the European Food Safety Authority(EFSA). Next, they will hand in to European Commission(EC). After pass all the tests, they will give the EU members to do the product check and then launch the product in their country.

Reference

Commission Regulation No. 544/2011

Commission Regulation No. 545/2011

Commission Regulation No. 396/2005

http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/index_en.htm

China Regulations

What are Biological pesticides(Biopesticides)?

Microbial including bacteria, fungi, virus, and genetically modified microbial.

Requirements

Product Chemistry and data of Hazard to Humans and Domestic Animals are required. Others like the data of the pesticide efficiency and residue chemistry in other countries is also required. The special requirement of microbial is to provide the characteristic of the microbial.

Reference

农药管理条例

http://www.moa.gov.cn/ztzl/zjyqwgz/zcfg/201007/t20100717_1601261.htm

农药登记资料要求

http://www.moa.gov.cn/zwllm/zcfg/qtbmgz/200601/t20060123_540594.htm