Difference between revisions of "Team:NYMU-Taipei/HP/Gold-Law and Policy"
Autumn851230 (Talk | contribs) |
|||
| (3 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown) | |||
| Line 17: | Line 17: | ||
<body> | <body> | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="prototypeprototypesp"> | ||
| + | <div class="imageimage00"> | ||
| + | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/2/23/T--NYMU-Taipei--%E5%88%86%E9%A0%81_human_practice_%E6%89%8B%E6%A9%9F%E7%89%88_gold.jpg" width="100%" height="100%" /> | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="prototypeprototype"> | ||
| + | <div class="imageimage00"> | ||
| + | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/9/91/%E5%88%86%E9%A0%81_human_practice_%E5%8A%A0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88_gold.jpg" width="100%" height="100%" /> | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
<div id="wrap"> | <div id="wrap"> | ||
| Line 24: | Line 38: | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
<h2 style="margin-top:90px; margin-bottom:10px; line-height: 24px;">Law and Policy</h2><hr /> | <h2 style="margin-top:90px; margin-bottom:10px; line-height: 24px;">Law and Policy</h2><hr /> | ||
| − | <p style="font-size:16px;">Sustainable agriculture is a global trend. | + | <p style="font-size:16px;">Sustainable agriculture is a global trend. Currently, many countries are joining this trend by adjusting their law for the purpose of establishing an eco-friendly farming environment. However, Taiwan’s laws on biological control agents are slightly outdated. Thus, we compared laws and regulations on biological control agents of US, European Union, and China, hoping to find out which part of Taiwan’ s law should be changed.</p><br /> |
| − | <h2 style="margin-top:30px; margin-bottom:10px;">Comparison</h2><hr> | + | <h2 style="margin-top:30px; margin-bottom:10px;">Comparison of pesticide registration application</h2><hr> |
<div class="tablesatisfysp" style="overflow-x:auto;"> | <div class="tablesatisfysp" style="overflow-x:auto;"> | ||
| − | <table border="1" style="margin-top: | + | <table border="1" style="margin-top:20px;"> |
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td style="width:400px;"></td> | <td style="width:400px;"></td> | ||
| Line 66: | Line 80: | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td style="width:400px;">Data from Studies that Determine Hazard to | + | <td style="width:400px;">Data from Studies that Determine Hazard to Non-target Organisms</td> |
<td style="width:100px;">V</td> | <td style="width:100px;">V</td> | ||
<td style="width:100px;">V</td> | <td style="width:100px;">V</td> | ||
| Line 110: | Line 124: | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | <p style="font-size:16px;">According the table above, we | + | <p style="font-size:16px;">According the table above, we suggested that Taiwan’s lawmakers should be aware of the regulation of Residue Chemistry and advertisement since there were more than two countries in the world that have regulations on those aspects of biological pest control agents.</p> |
| − | <p style="font-size:16px;"> | + | <p style="font-size:16px;">Let us examine in more detail about the law and regulation of those three countries and the European Union!</p> |
| Line 117: | Line 131: | ||
<p style="font-size:16px;"><b>What are Biological pesticides(Biopesticides)?</b></p> | <p style="font-size:16px;"><b>What are Biological pesticides(Biopesticides)?</b></p> | ||
| − | <p style="font-size:16px;">Biological pesticides | + | <p style="font-size:16px;">Biological pesticides are types of pesticides derived from natural materials, such as animals, plants, bacteria, and certain minerals. </p> |
<p style="font-size:16px;"><b>Requirements</b></p> | <p style="font-size:16px;"><b>Requirements</b></p> | ||
| − | <p style="font-size:16px;">New pesticide application | + | <p style="font-size:16px;">New pesticide application has to pass the “pre-registration meeting” first. The applicant also need to hand in the required data<a href="https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-registration/data-requirements-pesticide-registration">required data</a>to proceed to the assessment stage.</p> |
<p style="font-size:16px;"><b>Reference</b></p> | <p style="font-size:16px;"><b>Reference</b></p> | ||
<p style="font-size:16px;">Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)</p> | <p style="font-size:16px;">Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)</p> | ||
| Line 126: | Line 140: | ||
<p style="font-size:16px;">40 CFR 158.2130: Residue Chemistry</p> | <p style="font-size:16px;">40 CFR 158.2130: Residue Chemistry</p> | ||
<p style="font-size:16px;">40 CFR 158.2140: Data from Studies that Determine Hazard to Humans and Domestic Animals</p> | <p style="font-size:16px;">40 CFR 158.2140: Data from Studies that Determine Hazard to Humans and Domestic Animals</p> | ||
| − | <p style="font-size:16px;">40 CFR 158.2150: Data from Studies that Determine Hazard to | + | <p style="font-size:16px;">40 CFR 158.2150: Data from Studies that Determine Hazard to Non-target Organisms and Environmental Fate</p> |
<h2 style="margin-top:30px; margin-bottom:10px;">European Union Regulations</h2><hr> | <h2 style="margin-top:30px; margin-bottom:10px;">European Union Regulations</h2><hr> | ||
| Line 133: | Line 147: | ||
<p style="font-size:16px;">None. They use “active substances” to classify the pesticide. According to Regulation 1107/2009, there are “chemical substance” and “microbial” two classes.</p> | <p style="font-size:16px;">None. They use “active substances” to classify the pesticide. According to Regulation 1107/2009, there are “chemical substance” and “microbial” two classes.</p> | ||
<p style="font-size:16px;"><b>Requirements</b></p> | <p style="font-size:16px;"><b>Requirements</b></p> | ||
| − | <p style="font-size:16px;">First, new | + | <p style="font-size:16px;">First, new pesticides are required to pass the active substances test. Then, it is handed to the European Food Safety Authority(EFSA), then transferred to the European Commission (EC). After it passed all the assessments, EU members will perform product checks before the pesticide is recognized as a product fit for commercialization in their country.</p> |
<p style="font-size:16px;"><b>Reference</b></p> | <p style="font-size:16px;"><b>Reference</b></p> | ||
<p style="font-size:16px;">Commission Regulation No. 544/2011</p> | <p style="font-size:16px;">Commission Regulation No. 544/2011</p> | ||
| Line 143: | Line 157: | ||
<p style="font-size:16px;"><b>What are Biological pesticides(Biopesticides)?</b></p> | <p style="font-size:16px;"><b>What are Biological pesticides(Biopesticides)?</b></p> | ||
| − | <p style="font-size:16px;"> | + | <p style="font-size:16px;">Biological Pesticides are microbial including bacteria, fungi, virus, and genetically modified microbial, in origin.</p> |
<p style="font-size:16px;"><b>Requirements</b></p> | <p style="font-size:16px;"><b>Requirements</b></p> | ||
| − | <p style="font-size:16px;"> | + | <p style="font-size:16px;">Assessment of product chemistry and hazard to humans and domestic animals are required. Furthermore, the data of the pesticide efficiency and residue chemistry in other countries are also required. The special requirement of microbial is to provide the characteristic of the microbial.</p> |
<p style="font-size:16px;"><b>Reference</b></p> | <p style="font-size:16px;"><b>Reference</b></p> | ||
<p style="font-size:16px;">农药管理条例</p> | <p style="font-size:16px;">农药管理条例</p> | ||
| Line 164: | Line 178: | ||
<h2 style="margin-bottom:10px; line-height: 24px;">Comparison of pesticide registration application</h2><hr /> | <h2 style="margin-bottom:10px; line-height: 24px;">Comparison of pesticide registration application</h2><hr /> | ||
| − | <table border="1" style="margin-top: | + | <table border="1" style="margin-top:20px;"> |
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td style="width:400px;"></td> | <td style="width:400px;"></td> | ||
Latest revision as of 22:18, 19 October 2016
Law and Policy
Sustainable agriculture is a global trend. Currently, many countries are joining this trend by adjusting their law for the purpose of establishing an eco-friendly farming environment. However, Taiwan’s laws on biological control agents are slightly outdated. Thus, we compared laws and regulations on biological control agents of US, European Union, and China, hoping to find out which part of Taiwan’ s law should be changed.
Comparison of pesticide registration application
| US | European Union | China | Taiwan | |
| Applicant infomation | V | V | V | V |
| Product Chemistry | V | V | V | V |
| Data from Studies that Determine Hazard to Humans and Domestic Animals | V | V | V | V |
| Residue Chemistry | V | V | ||
| Data from Studies that Determine Hazard to Non-target Organisms | V | V | V | |
| Environmental Fate | V | V | ||
| Product Performance | V | V | V | |
| Applicator/User Exposure | V | |||
| Studies | ||||
| Advertisements | V | V |
According the table above, we suggested that Taiwan’s lawmakers should be aware of the regulation of Residue Chemistry and advertisement since there were more than two countries in the world that have regulations on those aspects of biological pest control agents.
Let us examine in more detail about the law and regulation of those three countries and the European Union!
US Regulations
What are Biological pesticides(Biopesticides)?
Biological pesticides are types of pesticides derived from natural materials, such as animals, plants, bacteria, and certain minerals.
Requirements
New pesticide application has to pass the “pre-registration meeting” first. The applicant also need to hand in the required datarequired datato proceed to the assessment stage.
Reference
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA)
40 CFR 158.2120: (1) Product Chemistry (2) Specifications
40 CFR 158.2130: Residue Chemistry
40 CFR 158.2140: Data from Studies that Determine Hazard to Humans and Domestic Animals
40 CFR 158.2150: Data from Studies that Determine Hazard to Non-target Organisms and Environmental Fate
European Union Regulations
What are Biological pesticides(Biopesticides)?
None. They use “active substances” to classify the pesticide. According to Regulation 1107/2009, there are “chemical substance” and “microbial” two classes.
Requirements
First, new pesticides are required to pass the active substances test. Then, it is handed to the European Food Safety Authority(EFSA), then transferred to the European Commission (EC). After it passed all the assessments, EU members will perform product checks before the pesticide is recognized as a product fit for commercialization in their country.
Reference
Commission Regulation No. 544/2011
Commission Regulation No. 545/2011
Commission Regulation No. 396/2005
http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/index_en.htm
China Regulations
What are Biological pesticides(Biopesticides)?
Biological Pesticides are microbial including bacteria, fungi, virus, and genetically modified microbial, in origin.
Requirements
Assessment of product chemistry and hazard to humans and domestic animals are required. Furthermore, the data of the pesticide efficiency and residue chemistry in other countries are also required. The special requirement of microbial is to provide the characteristic of the microbial.
Reference
农药管理条例
http://www.moa.gov.cn/ztzl/zjyqwgz/zcfg/201007/t20100717_1601261.htm
农药登记资料要求
http://www.moa.gov.cn/zwllm/zcfg/qtbmgz/200601/t20060123_540594.htm
Law and Policy
Sustainable agriculture is a global trend. Many countries are keeping up changing their law in order to build up an eco-friendly farming environment. However, Taiwan’s law is a little outdated. Thus, we compare law and regulation of biological control of US, European Union, and China. Hope to find out which part is Taiwan’ s law needed to take close look of.
Comparison of pesticide registration application
| US | European Union | China | Taiwan | |
| Applicant infomation | V | V | V | V |
| Product Chemistry | V | V | V | V |
| Data from Studies that Determine Hazard to Humans and Domestic Animals | V | V | V | V |
| Residue Chemistry | V | V | ||
| Data from Studies that Determine Hazard to Nontarget Organisms | V | V | V | |
| Environmental Fate | V | V | ||
| Product Performance | V | V | V | |
| Applicator/User Exposure | V | |||
| Studies | ||||
| Advertisements | V | V |
According the table above, we suggest that Taiwan’s lawmakers need to be aware of the regulation of “Residue Chemistry” and “advertisement” since there are more than two countries in the world take seriously about these parts.
Let’s search further in law and regulation from those three countries and Union!
US Regulations
What are Biological pesticides(Biopesticides)?
Biological pesticides co are certain types of pesticides derived from such natural materials as animals, plants, bacteria, and certain mineral
Requirements
New pesticide application needs to pass the “pre-registration meeting” first. The applicant also need to hand in the required data. Then the next step is the assessment.
Reference
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA)
40 CFR 158.2120: (1) Product Chemistry (2) Specifications
40 CFR 158.2130: Residue Chemistry
40 CFR 158.2140: Data from Studies that Determine Hazard to Humans and Domestic Animals
40 CFR 158.2150: Data from Studies that Determine Hazard to Nontarget Organisms and Environmental Fate
European Union Regulations
What are Biological pesticides(Biopesticides)?
None. They use “active substances” to classify the pesticide. According to Regulation 1107/2009, there are “chemical substance” and “microbial” two classes.
Requirements
First, new pesticide should pass the active substances test. Then hand in to the European Food Safety Authority(EFSA). Next, they will hand in to European Commission(EC). After pass all the tests, they will give the EU members to do the product check and then launch the product in their country.
Reference
Commission Regulation No. 544/2011
Commission Regulation No. 545/2011
Commission Regulation No. 396/2005
http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/index_en.htm
China Regulations
What are Biological pesticides(Biopesticides)?
Microbial including bacteria, fungi, virus, and genetically modified microbial.
Requirements
Product Chemistry and data of Hazard to Humans and Domestic Animals are required. Others like the data of the pesticide efficiency and residue chemistry in other countries is also required. The special requirement of microbial is to provide the characteristic of the microbial.
Reference
农药管理条例
http://www.moa.gov.cn/ztzl/zjyqwgz/zcfg/201007/t20100717_1601261.htm
农药登记资料要求
http://www.moa.gov.cn/zwllm/zcfg/qtbmgz/200601/t20060123_540594.htm
