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#[[Team:Aix-Marseille/Integrated_Practices/history|Metals importance throughout history]]

#[[Team:Aix-Marseille/Integrated_Practices/Mines|Platinum in mines]]

#[[Team:Aix-Marseille/Integrated_Practices/Industry|Platinum in industry]]

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#[[Team:Aix-Marseille/Integrated_Practices/Process|Our process]]

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Nowadays, the platinum is drawn along a linear pathway. Platinum is produced in mines, especially in South Africa (lien [[Team:Pretoria_UP|Pretoria]]) Russia and Zimbabwe where it is found in relative high concentration around 5ppm<ref>Bau and al., 2015 http://dx.doi.org.gate1.inist.fr/10.1016/j.hydromet.2015.01.002</ref>. These absolute concentrations are rather lower than most of metal, so platinum in often a by-product of another mined resource as nickel or coal.

−

~~Actually its extraction is realized by leaching~~ the ~~ore~~ with ~~chemicals (Clhorhydric acid~~, ~~Aqua regia~~). This ~~leaching can be supplemented~~ with ~~bioleaching~~.

+

Before and during the conception of our process we investigate many subject in order to design a optimal and relevant process. To do so we pick up the advice of many specialists.

+

We wished first to investigate the platinum mining issue. To do so we asked the [https://2016.igem.org/Team:Pretoria_UP iGEM team of Pretoria] to provide us some [https://2016.igem.org/Team:Aix-Marseille/Integrated_Practices/Mines information] about condition and consequences of platinum mining.

+

[[File:T--Pretoria_UP--Team_2.jpg|300px|300px|thumb| iGEM team of Pretoria UP]]

+

[[File:T--Aix-Marseille--Pretoria_lecturer_2.png|thumb|Mr Henwood at the University of Pretoria]]

+

[[File:T--Aix-Marseille--Pretoria_lecturer_1.png|thumb|Dr Meyer at the University of Pretoria]]

+

Thanks to these data and bibliography we realized what consequences platinum mining can involve in terms of sustainability, ecology, and social issues and that reinforce our determination find a way to recycle platinum.

+

[[File:T--Aix-Marseille--Minvielle.png|right|thumb|Mr. Nicolas Minvielle]]

+

Dialogue with an [https://2016.igem.org/Team:Aix-Marseille/Integrated_Practices/history Mr Minvielle historian PhD student] showed us how metals issues have always been a central problematic throughout history. This had strengthen again our feeling that our process was a wise and relevant project to achieve.

+

As we designed our bio-synthetic project we wonder how our project could be applied for real. We though we could spread our engineered bacteria directly along the roads. But many laws forbid the release of engineered organism in the environment so we decided to change our strategy.

+

Thanks to bibliography and [https://2016.igem.org/Team:Aix-Marseille/Integrated_Practices/Environment Mr. Triboit], (an ecologist engineer), we learn that bacteria are able to be in symbiosis with plants roots cells and improve their metals recovery, especially thanks to their siderophore.

+

This technique is actually developed in some laboratory but for the realization of our project this would have been a problem with environmental laws too.

+

Mr.Triboit enlighten us about the current situation: many process involving plants and phytoremediation are being developed and our process could appear elsewhere to connect with all these solutions. We realized pretty soon that if our process involve bacteria as we planned, there would be a need to confine it.

+

That's how we decided to design a process performed in a controlled environment that could be plugged to other processes occurring directly in environment. Controlled environment means here a bioreactor, at least a process occurring in a environment where parameters are set and controlled, downstream processes are connected, and releases containing organisms are destroyed.

+

If we were certain of the necessity of developing such a process we were not sure about which already existing biotechnological process (mainly phytoremediation processes) our process could be connected to.

+

[[File:T--Aix-Marseille--Sigoillot.png|left|thumb|Mr Sigoillot]]

+

[https://2016.igem.org/Team:Aix-Marseille/Integrated_Practices/Process Pr.Sigoillot], an process engineering expert, helped us to shape our project in a economical way: we decided our process should absolutely end on nanoparticle production in order to produce a highly valuable form. Bibliography had showed us that nanoparticles are indeed more and more used in [https://2016.igem.org/Team:Aix-Marseille/Integrated_Practices/Industry industry] and interest for nanoparticles are steadily growing.

+

−

~~The process we’ve designed allow to shape the economy in a circular way~~. ~~Instead~~ of ~~being wasted in environment,~~ platinum ~~is re injected in economy.~~

+

Moreover Mr. Sigoillot and Mr.Triboit brought us both a crucial aspect of platinum pollution: sewage sludge are so polluted than people would pay to get rid of it! Thus a process starting from sewage sludge as a basic raw material would have positive financial and environmental balance!

+

All these interactions with various people had helped us a lot, and shaped our process during all the year of iGEM 2016!

−

~~<references/>~~

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{:Team:Aix-Marseille/Template-Top|Integrated Pratices}}
+{{:Team:Aix-Marseille/Template-Top|Integrated Practices}}
+#[[Team:Aix-Marseille/Integrated_Practices/history|Metals importance throughout history]]
 #[[Team:Aix-Marseille/Integrated_Practices/Mines|Platinum in mines]]
 #[[Team:Aix-Marseille/Integrated_Practices/Industry|Platinum in industry]]
@@ Line 5: / Line 7: @@
 #[[Team:Aix-Marseille/Integrated_Practices/Process|Our process]]
-Nowadays, the platinum is drawn along a linear pathway. Platinum is produced in mines, especially in South Africa (lien [[Team:Pretoria_UP|Pretoria]]) Russia and Zimbabwe where it is found in relative high concentration around 5ppm<ref>Bau and al., 2015 http://dx.doi.org.gate1.inist.fr/10.1016/j.hydromet.2015.01.002</ref>.  These absolute concentrations are rather lower than most of metal, so platinum in often a by-product of another mined resource as nickel or coal.
-Actually its extraction is realized by leaching the ore with chemicals (Clhorhydric acid, Aqua regia). This leaching can be supplemented with bioleaching.
+Before and during the conception of our process we investigate many subject in order to design a optimal and relevant process. To do so we pick up the advice of many specialists.
+We wished first to investigate the platinum mining issue. To do so we asked the [https://2016.igem.org/Team:Pretoria_UP iGEM team of Pretoria] to provide us some [https://2016.igem.org/Team:Aix-Marseille/Integrated_Practices/Mines information] about condition and consequences of platinum mining.
+[[File:T--Pretoria_UP--Team_2.jpg|300px|300px|thumb| iGEM team of Pretoria UP]]
+[[File:T--Aix-Marseille--Pretoria_lecturer_2.png|thumb|Mr Henwood at the University of Pretoria]]
+[[File:T--Aix-Marseille--Pretoria_lecturer_1.png|thumb|Dr Meyer at the University of Pretoria]]
+Thanks to these data and bibliography we realized what consequences platinum mining can involve in terms of sustainability, ecology, and social issues and that reinforce our determination  find a way to recycle platinum.
+[[File:T--Aix-Marseille--Minvielle.png|right|thumb|Mr. Nicolas Minvielle]]
+Dialogue with an [https://2016.igem.org/Team:Aix-Marseille/Integrated_Practices/history Mr Minvielle historian PhD student] showed us how metals issues have always been a central problematic throughout history. This  had strengthen again our feeling that our process was a wise and relevant project to achieve.
+As we designed our bio-synthetic project we wonder how our project could be applied for real. We though we could spread our engineered bacteria directly along the roads. But many laws forbid the release of engineered organism in the environment so we decided to change our strategy.
+Thanks to bibliography and [https://2016.igem.org/Team:Aix-Marseille/Integrated_Practices/Environment Mr. Triboit], (an ecologist engineer), we learn that bacteria are able to be in symbiosis with plants roots cells and improve their metals recovery, especially thanks to their siderophore.
+This technique is actually developed in some laboratory but for the realization of our project this would have been a problem with environmental laws too.
+Mr.Triboit enlighten us about the current situation: many process involving plants and phytoremediation are being developed and our process could appear elsewhere to connect with all these solutions. We realized pretty soon that if our process involve bacteria as we planned, there would be a need to confine it.
+That's how we decided to design a process performed in a controlled environment that could be plugged to other processes occurring directly in environment. Controlled environment means here a bioreactor, at least a process occurring in a environment where parameters are set and controlled, downstream processes are connected, and releases containing organisms are destroyed.
+If we were certain of the necessity of developing such a process we were not sure about which already existing biotechnological process (mainly phytoremediation processes) our process could be connected to.
+[[File:T--Aix-Marseille--Sigoillot.png|left|thumb|Mr Sigoillot]]
+[https://2016.igem.org/Team:Aix-Marseille/Integrated_Practices/Process Pr.Sigoillot], an process engineering expert, helped us to shape our project in a economical way: we decided our process should absolutely end on nanoparticle production in order to produce a highly valuable form. Bibliography had showed us that nanoparticles are indeed more and more used in [https://2016.igem.org/Team:Aix-Marseille/Integrated_Practices/Industry industry] and interest for nanoparticles are steadily growing.
-The process we’ve designed allow to shape the economy in a circular way. Instead of being wasted in environment, platinum is re injected in economy.
+Moreover Mr. Sigoillot and Mr.Triboit brought us  both a crucial aspect of platinum pollution: sewage sludge are so polluted than people would pay to get rid of it! Thus a process starting from sewage sludge as a basic raw material would have positive financial and environmental balance!
+All these interactions with various people had helped us a lot, and shaped our process during all the year of iGEM 2016!
-<references/>
 {{:Team:Aix-Marseille/Template-Footer}}