Difference between revisions of "Team:Aix-Marseille/Integrated Practices/history"
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{{:Team:Aix-Marseille/Template-Top|Metals issues throughout History}} | {{:Team:Aix-Marseille/Template-Top|Metals issues throughout History}} | ||
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| + | #[[Team:Aix-Marseille/Integrated_Practices/history|Metals importance throughout history]] | ||
| + | #[[Team:Aix-Marseille/Integrated_Practices/Mines|Platinum in mines]] | ||
| + | #[[Team:Aix-Marseille/Integrated_Practices/Industry|Platinum in industry]] | ||
| + | #[[Team:Aix-Marseille/Integrated_Practices/Environment|Platinum in the environment]] | ||
| + | #[[Team:Aix-Marseille/Integrated_Practices/Process|Our process]] | ||
=Introduction= | =Introduction= | ||
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Such issues are not new to the mankind. Platinum was not much exploited in the past but others precious metals such as Gold, Silver, Copper always were. So to assess the relevancy of our project and the importance of the problematic it could resolve we ask somes questions to Mr. Nicolas Minvielle, a history PhD student specialist of mining exploitation during middle age, working in the French laboratory [http://la3m.cnrs.fr/pages/accueil.php LA3M]. | Such issues are not new to the mankind. Platinum was not much exploited in the past but others precious metals such as Gold, Silver, Copper always were. So to assess the relevancy of our project and the importance of the problematic it could resolve we ask somes questions to Mr. Nicolas Minvielle, a history PhD student specialist of mining exploitation during middle age, working in the French laboratory [http://la3m.cnrs.fr/pages/accueil.php LA3M]. | ||
| − | He has enlighten us about how metals exploitation has always been a issue | + | He has enlighten us about how metals exploitation has always been a issue at the center of the developement of our societies and civilizations, triggering sophistication, advances, and better living conditions but also wars, conflicts and environnement destruction. |
=Interview= | =Interview= | ||
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<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/JsZQqdKmWG8" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html> | <html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/JsZQqdKmWG8" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html> | ||
| − | ===What were the impacts that precious metals had on the development of ours society ? === | + | ==='''What were the impacts that precious metals had on the development of ours society ?'''=== |
''"This is a really opened question, since metals are at the very base of our society. Metals are used for working, clothing, building… Since the end of prehistory, metals are harvested, especially since the copper age and then metals will be more and more exploited in order to craft items, clothes, tools, currency, building items even cooking accessories…So it is the fundamental basis of all societies and as far as I know them this is very odd that a society didn’t ever use metals. This is a key element in our history. "'' | ''"This is a really opened question, since metals are at the very base of our society. Metals are used for working, clothing, building… Since the end of prehistory, metals are harvested, especially since the copper age and then metals will be more and more exploited in order to craft items, clothes, tools, currency, building items even cooking accessories…So it is the fundamental basis of all societies and as far as I know them this is very odd that a society didn’t ever use metals. This is a key element in our history. "'' | ||
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''"Conditions have evolved a lot through history, though very well known for antiquity in the Mediterranean region where metals were harvested by slaves or sentenced men. Of courses there were free men or citizens working in administration for Empire institutions, but the majority was a compelled workforce. Then situation became different, from the 11th century to the 16th workers were only free men, (excepted for some sentenced men), and those men had high technical mastery, and could impose their work conditions to the lords who welcomed them on their lands. So there was an inversion from the enslaved minors in the antiquity to the considered minors in middle age considered as well as any craftsman. | ''"Conditions have evolved a lot through history, though very well known for antiquity in the Mediterranean region where metals were harvested by slaves or sentenced men. Of courses there were free men or citizens working in administration for Empire institutions, but the majority was a compelled workforce. Then situation became different, from the 11th century to the 16th workers were only free men, (excepted for some sentenced men), and those men had high technical mastery, and could impose their work conditions to the lords who welcomed them on their lands. So there was an inversion from the enslaved minors in the antiquity to the considered minors in middle age considered as well as any craftsman. | ||
| − | And then, there were several depreciation of miner consideration with the presence of some miner specialists, moving around Europe who acted upon the local workforce and that drew a rough hierarchy. And during the 19th century this has worsened with coal mines where workers had work conditions different from the rest of population… Condition had lowered back not as much as in the antiquity slavery of course but it is the period of birth of proletariat, as you can read in book like <u>Germinal</u>..."'' | + | ''And then, there were several depreciation of miner consideration with the presence of some miner specialists, moving around Europe who acted upon the local workforce and that drew a rough hierarchy. And during the 19th century this has worsened with coal mines where workers had work conditions different from the rest of population… Condition had lowered back not as much as in the antiquity slavery of course but it is the period of birth of proletariat, as you can read in book like <u>Germinal</u>..."'' |
| − | <html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ | + | <html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/F5lSMkRp7qo" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html> |
==='''How the notion of mining resources availability has been apprehended throughout history?'''=== | ==='''How the notion of mining resources availability has been apprehended throughout history?'''=== | ||
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<html><video width="480" controls src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/8/86/T--Aix-Marseille--minevielle_6.mp4"></html> | <html><video width="480" controls src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/8/86/T--Aix-Marseille--minevielle_6.mp4"></html> | ||
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==='''Had proto –environmentalists trends existed in the past?'''=== | ==='''Had proto –environmentalists trends existed in the past?'''=== | ||
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==='''Were there negative consequences under local populations related to mining exploitation?'''=== | ==='''Were there negative consequences under local populations related to mining exploitation?'''=== | ||
| − | "''Yes absolutely, and these harmful consequences can be of two different types. Firstly the environmental ones, even since middle age even in antiquity there were pollutants released in air, in water, on the soil. And for example, some rivers are currently polluted by lead pollution from middle age. Theses consequences are not felt by populations, even if pollution is present. Even while digging in miner cemetery, miner skeletons have been found to be show a very pollution… Secondly the economic consequence can appear. When a mining exploitation is led in a region this promote job offers but when the mine industry withdraw a whole sector disappear. This recall the notion of boomtown where a mine can provide jobs and make a whole town live for a period but when fields became exhausted, the industry left the region and all workers can be in a very bad situation, and have to move away to seek others not depleted mined fields… | + | "''Yes absolutely, and these harmful consequences can be of two different types. Firstly the environmental ones, even since middle age even in antiquity there were pollutants released in air, in water, on the soil. And for example, some rivers are currently polluted by lead pollution from middle age. Theses consequences are not felt by populations, even if pollution is present. Even while digging in miner cemetery, miner skeletons have been found to be show a very pollution… Secondly the economic consequence can appear. When a mining exploitation is led in a region this promote job offers but when the mine industry withdraw a whole sector disappear. This recall the notion of boomtown where a mine can provide jobs and make a whole town live for a period but when fields became exhausted, the industry left the region and all workers can be in a very bad situation, and have to move away to seek others not depleted mined fields… ''" |
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| − | ''" | + | |
