Difference between revisions of "Team:Aix-Marseille/Integrated Practices/Environment"
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[[File:T--Aix-Marseille--Rhine.jpg|thumb|400px|left|The Rhine river, a major axis of industry and transport in Europe thus strongly exposed to platinum and metals pollution]] | [[File:T--Aix-Marseille--Rhine.jpg|thumb|400px|left|The Rhine river, a major axis of industry and transport in Europe thus strongly exposed to platinum and metals pollution]] | ||
| − | As rivers collect all stream and watercourses, all the washed | + | As rivers collect all stream and watercourses, all the washed pollutants are gathered in rivers, especially after a phenomenon of washing i.e. rain. |
Concentrations found in Rhine river help to realize how concentrations in platinum could increase with the effluents due to the rain washing. Concentration usually found are about '''5ng/g''' but after a rain events (all soils, and surfaces are washed out) this concentration reach a value of '''31.2µg/g''' thus increased a '''thousand''' times <ref name="reith2014"/> | Concentrations found in Rhine river help to realize how concentrations in platinum could increase with the effluents due to the rain washing. Concentration usually found are about '''5ng/g''' but after a rain events (all soils, and surfaces are washed out) this concentration reach a value of '''31.2µg/g''' thus increased a '''thousand''' times <ref name="reith2014"/> | ||
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===Platinum in urban area=== | ===Platinum in urban area=== | ||
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==Biotechnological solutions== | ==Biotechnological solutions== | ||
[[File:T--Aix-Marseille--frf.jpg|thumb|right|500px| ''Pycnandra acuminata'' is able to accumulate Nickel up to 20% of the weigh of its life blood hence its blue color <ref>Source: B. Fogliani-LIVE-UNC</ref>]] | [[File:T--Aix-Marseille--frf.jpg|thumb|right|500px| ''Pycnandra acuminata'' is able to accumulate Nickel up to 20% of the weigh of its life blood hence its blue color <ref>Source: B. Fogliani-LIVE-UNC</ref>]] | ||
| − | The ''' | + | The '''phytoremediation''' use plants and their ability to concentrate or destroy pollutant to clean up soils or waters. |
Plants thriving along the roads are continuously exposed to the metals pollution, so they can be used as a '''compartments''' in order to '''remove pollutants'''. | Plants thriving along the roads are continuously exposed to the metals pollution, so they can be used as a '''compartments''' in order to '''remove pollutants'''. | ||
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'''Composting''', a widespread practice, could also provide '''compostate''' to supply the treatment processes. As most of the plants have been exposed to metals pollution during their growth, all green biomass are candidate to enter the treatment processes. | '''Composting''', a widespread practice, could also provide '''compostate''' to supply the treatment processes. As most of the plants have been exposed to metals pollution during their growth, all green biomass are candidate to enter the treatment processes. | ||
| − | Techniques using ''' | + | Techniques using '''phytoremediation''' in sewage sludge treatment are also developed. Plants can be grown in treatment pools to concentrate pollutants or to remove pollutants by '''phytovolatilization''' : pollutants are not concentrated within plants but are "sprayed" in the air by the plants. |
| − | So a very large range of actual techniques can be used to remove pollutants. Many solutions exist and they often provide a way to clean up the environment but a way to recycle biomass compost heap | + | So a very large range of actual techniques can be used to remove pollutants. Many solutions exist and they often provide a way to clean up the environment but also a way to recycle biomass compost heap, produce energy and gas (methanization)... |
All these bio-ecological solutions could be performed together and would lead to far better situations than we have today! | All these bio-ecological solutions could be performed together and would lead to far better situations than we have today! | ||
All these techniques provides raw materials as '''ashes''', '''compostate''', '''digestate''' that '''could be a start to many further processes''' designed to enhance recovery or cleaning up, depending on metals nature. | All these techniques provides raw materials as '''ashes''', '''compostate''', '''digestate''' that '''could be a start to many further processes''' designed to enhance recovery or cleaning up, depending on metals nature. | ||
| − | '''This is precisely where our project could start''' (see figure). The | + | '''This is precisely where our project could start''' (see figure). The advantage is to start with raw materials and switch in a controlled environment, see the details of [https://2016.igem.org/Team:Aix-Marseille/Integrated_Practices/Process our process in industry]. |
[[File:T--Aix-Marseille--essaideschema3.png|thumb|800px|center|Potential connection between a some available biotechnological techniques. The final process could be [https://2016.igem.org/Team:Aix-Marseille/Integrated_Practices/Process ours] '''As displayed, our process is able to accept different raw materials, from several process realized upstream.''']] | [[File:T--Aix-Marseille--essaideschema3.png|thumb|800px|center|Potential connection between a some available biotechnological techniques. The final process could be [https://2016.igem.org/Team:Aix-Marseille/Integrated_Practices/Process ours] '''As displayed, our process is able to accept different raw materials, from several process realized upstream.''']] | ||
