Difference between revisions of "Team:Edinburgh UG"

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+
<!DOCTYPE html>
 +
<html lang="en">
 
<head>
 
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
+
  <title>Edinburgh_UG_Home</title>
<title>Team:Edinburgh UG - 2016.igem.org</title>
+
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<span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-family:Arial;font-size:21px;">Team:Edinburgh UG</span></div>
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<div id="wb_Image2" style="position:absolute;left:659px;top:3516px;width:152px;height:30px;z-index:8;">
+
<a href="http://www.wysiwygwebbuilder.com/"><img src="https://2016.igem.org/images/builtwithwwb11.png" id="Image2" alt="WYSIWYG Web Builder"></a></div>
+
<div id="wb_Image3" style="position:absolute;left:1px;top:0px;width:1440px;height:899px;z-index:9;">
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/thumb/b/b6/EdiGEM16UGhogmannay.jpg/800px-EdiGEM16UGhogmannay.jpg" id="Image3" alt=""></div>
+
<div id="wb_Text4" style="position:absolute;left:562px;top:445px;width:318px;height:182px;text-align:center;z-index:10;">
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<span style="color:#000000;font-family:Verdana;font-size:75px;">BabblED</span></div>
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<div id="wb_Text5" style="position:absolute;left:459px;top:342px;width:525px;height:40px;text-align:center;z-index:11;">
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<span style="color:#000000;font-family:Verdana;font-size:17px;">The University of Edinburgh Undergraduate iGEM Team 2016 presents:</span></div>
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<div id="wb_Text6" style="position:absolute;left:539px;top:607px;width:371px;height:40px;text-align:center;z-index:12;">
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<span style="color:#000000;font-family:Verdana;font-size:17px;">The next generation of information storage</span></div>
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<div id="wb_Text7" style="position:absolute;left:132px;top:951px;width:579px;height:135px;z-index:13;text-align:left;">
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<span style="color:#000000;font-family:Verdana;font-size:37px;">By 2040, we will run out of the materials needed to store digital data.</span></div>
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<div id="wb_Text8" style="position:absolute;left:132px;top:1109px;width:587px;height:125px;z-index:14;text-align:left;">
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<span style="color:#000000;font-family:Verdana;font-size:21px;">If this happens, there will be no capacity for Twitter, Facebook or iGEM to function online. Last year, data centres worldwide used more electricity than the entire United Kingdom. By 2020, it will cost more than $13.7 billion to power data centres per year.</span></div>
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<div id="wb_Image4" style="position:absolute;left:832px;top:961px;width:431px;height:398px;z-index:15;">
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<img src="images/EdiGEM16UGppie.png" id="Image4" alt=""></div>
+
<input type="submit" id="Button1" name="Policy and Practices" value="Policy and Practices" style="position:absolute;left:133px;top:1315px;width:200px;height:45px;z-index:16;">
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<div id="wb_Image5" style="position:absolute;left:20px;top:1408px;width:1407px;height:12px;z-index:17;">
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/d/d5/EdiGEM16UGhome_menuBar1_bkgrnd1.png" id="Image5" alt=""></div>
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<div id="wb_Text9" style="position:absolute;left:962px;top:1474px;width:321px;height:76px;text-align:right;z-index:18;">
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<span style="color:#000000;font-family:Verdana;font-size:32px;">We have a solution.</span></div>
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<div id="wb_Text10" style="position:absolute;left:1281px;top:1469px;width:3px;height:61px;text-align:right;z-index:19;">
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<span style="color:#000000;font-family:Verdana;font-size:37px;"><br></span></div>
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<div id="wb_Image6" style="position:absolute;left:130px;top:1602px;width:181px;height:181px;z-index:20;">
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<img src="images/EdiGEM16UGdensity.png" id="Image6" alt=""></div>
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<div id="wb_Image7" style="position:absolute;left:737px;top:1594px;width:231px;height:196px;z-index:21;">
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<img src="EdiGEM16UGhourglass.jpeg" id="Image7" alt=""></div>
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<div id="wb_Image8" style="position:absolute;left:440px;top:1606px;width:163px;height:173px;z-index:22;">
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<img src="images/EdiGEM16UGdollar.png" id="Image8" alt=""></div>
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<div id="wb_Image9" style="position:absolute;left:1234px;top:1640px;width:0px;height:0px;z-index:23;">
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<img src="https://2016.igem.org/" id="Image9" alt=""></div>
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<div id="wb_Image10" style="position:absolute;left:1063px;top:1616px;width:218px;height:152px;z-index:24;">
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<img src="images/EdiGEM16UGpuzzle.png" id="Image10" alt=""></div>
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<div id="wb_Text11" style="position:absolute;left:683px;top:1490px;width:513px;height:130px;z-index:25;text-align:left;">
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<span style="color:#000000;font-family:Verdana;font-size:53px;">DNA Text Encoding</span></div>
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<div id="wb_Text12" style="position:absolute;left:154px;top:1802px;width:134px;height:84px;text-align:center;z-index:26;">
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<span style="color:#000000;font-family:Verdana;font-size:35px;">Density</span></div>
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<div id="wb_Text13" style="position:absolute;left:774px;top:1805px;width:158px;height:76px;text-align:center;z-index:27;">
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<span style="color:#000000;font-family:Verdana;font-size:32px;">Longevity</span></div>
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<div id="wb_Text14" style="position:absolute;left:424px;top:1804px;width:196px;height:76px;text-align:center;z-index:28;">
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<span style="color:#000000;font-family:Verdana;font-size:32px;">Affordability</span></div>
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<div id="wb_Text15" style="position:absolute;left:1088px;top:1805px;width:171px;height:76px;text-align:center;z-index:29;">
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<span style="color:#000000;font-family:Verdana;font-size:32px;">Modularity</span></div>
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<div id="wb_Text16" style="position:absolute;left:132px;top:1886px;width:202px;height:80px;text-align:center;z-index:30;">
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<span style="color:#000000;font-family:Verdana;font-size:17px;">DNA has 1000 times greater storage density than flash memory</span></div>
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<div id="wb_Text17" style="position:absolute;left:782px;top:1886px;width:176px;height:120px;text-align:center;z-index:31;">
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<span style="color:#000000;font-family:Verdana;font-size:17px;">DNA can last for thousands of years without consuming resources; modern hard drives can only last 50</span></div>
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<div id="wb_Text18" style="position:absolute;left:395px;top:1886px;width:270px;height:120px;text-align:center;z-index:32;">
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<span style="color:#000000;font-family:Verdana;font-size:17px;">All our encoding programmes are open source and initial synthesis of the lexicon is done for you providing significant cost reductions on existing methods</span></div>
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<div id="wb_Text19" style="position:absolute;left:1038px;top:1886px;width:275px;height:60px;text-align:center;z-index:33;">
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<span style="color:#000000;font-family:Verdana;font-size:17px;">Assembly of our BabbleBricks is unrestricted and completely customisable</span></div>
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<div id="wb_Image11" style="position:absolute;left:20px;top:2089px;width:1407px;height:12px;z-index:34;">
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<img src="images/EdiGEM16UGhome_line1_01.png" id="Image11" alt=""></div>
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<div id="wb_Image12" style="position:absolute;left:114px;top:2178px;width:379px;height:379px;z-index:35;">
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/2/28/EdiGEM16UGLogo.jpeg" id="Image12" alt=""></div>
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<span style="color:#000000;font-family:Verdana;font-size:32px;">Abstract</span></div>
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<span style="color:#000000;font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">The last decade has seen an exponential increase in data and information generation, creating a storage demand that will soon outweigh supply. By 2040, global data storage demand will reach 3×10^24 (3 million billion billion) bits1.. Considering the amount of energy required to run a data centre (about 2% of global energy consumption2.) and the limited supply of raw materials like silicon for manufacturing memory devices, it is clear that novel storage methods are of the utmost importance in meeting demand and providing a sustainable, long term solution to the data storage&nbsp; problem. The University of Edinburgh 2016 undergraduate iGEM team held these considerations in mind when we set out to create a new DNA-based storage system. <br>Over the course of weeks 1 and 2 our team explored and researched ideas for a project utilising DNA as an information storage device. Our brainstorming process evolved through discussions about the advantages and disadvantages of DNA synthesis and encoding digital information into nucleotide sequences. Major points of debate were cost, fidelity and efficiency of data storage. Following some constructive feedback from our supervisors, our team focused on developing a method that is accessible, sustainable and fits the iGEM format. <br></span></div>
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<span style="color:#000000;font-family:Verdana;font-size:32px;">Medal Criteria</span></div>
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<span style="color:#000000;font-family:Verdana;font-size:17px;">We've created a wiki page dedicated to outlining how we fulfilled each of the gold medal requirements. </span></div>
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<span style="color:#000000;font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Our project, given the name BabblED, is based on a simple idea: develop a modular system for encoding text, or any other unit of information, into DNA. We will prove the validity of our concept by encoding Ogden’s Basic English (a collection of 850-1,000 words that can be used to express most concepts in the English language). Each encoded word-a BabbleBrick -will be stored in a different PhytoBrick. Sentence assembly and unidirectionality is ensured by the stepwise addition of BabbleBricks that have alternating types of sticky ends; this also prevents repeats and minimizes the occurrence of missing words. The whole sentence construct can be melted off for easy retrieval and assembled back into a PhytoBrick for storage. Since the value that is assigned to each BabbleBrick is arbitrary, each one can be reused with any library or language. In this way, our encoding and assembly method can be optimized for many types of data. Furthermore, using tools such as checksums, optimal rectangular codes and, when appropriate, natural language processing techniques, we are able to ensure that each BabbleBrick sentence can be decoded with 100% accuracy. <br>As of week 4, we have developed the computer program that converts our vocabulary to BabbleBrick sequences. We have designed the DNA sequences for error-correcting codes and researched the benefits and potential ways to utilize encryption in our method. We are in the process of ordering our first BabbleBricks in the form of gBlocks from IDT and testing our assembly method for efficiency. We have commenced the 2016 Interlab study and are pursuing another exciting project on bacterial growth-based logic. We have already had some fascinating discussions with data specialists and librarians; their feedback and expertise are vital to how we are shaping our project. We have also been in touch with other iGEM teams, such as Newcastle and Dundee, and are hosting a Scottish team meet-up in the beginning of July. <br>References:<br>1.http://www.nature.com/nmat/journal/v15/n4/full/nmat4594.html#supplementary-information<br>2.http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/publications/climate/2011/Cool%20IT/dirty-data-report-greenpeace.pdf/ <br></span></div>
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       <h3 style="font-size:250%;">By 2040, we will run out of the materials needed to store digital data.</h3>
<ul>
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      <p style="font-size:180%;">If this happens, there will be no capacity for Twitter, </p>
<li class="firstmain"><a href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:Edinburgh_UG/Description" target="_self" title="Decription">Description</a>
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      <p style="font-size:180%;">Facebook or iGEM to function online. Last year, data </p>
</li>
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      <p style="font-size:180%;">centres worldwide used more electricity than the entire </p>
<li><a href="#" target="_self" title="Design">Design</a>
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      <p style="font-size:180%;">United Kingdom. By 2020, it will cost more than $13.7 </p>
</li>
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      <p style="font-size:180%;">billion to power data centres per year. </p>
<li><a href="#" target="_self" title="Experiments">Experiments</a>
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<li><a href="#" target="_self" title="Proof of concept">Proof&nbsp;of&nbsp;concept</a>
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<li><a href="#" target="_self" title="Demonstrate">Demonstrate</a>
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      <p></p>
<li class="firstmain"><a href="#" target="_self" title="Parts">Parts</a>
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      <h3 style="font-size:250%;">We have a solution: DNA Text Encoding</h3>
</li>
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    </div>
<li><a href="#" target="_self" title="Basic Parts">Basic&nbsp;Parts</a>
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  </div>
</li>
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<li><a href="#" target="_self" title="Composite Parts">Composite&nbsp;Parts</a>
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</li>
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<li><a href="#" target="_self" title="Part Collection">Part&nbsp;Collection</a>
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</ul>
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<div class="container-fluid">
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    </div>
<li class="firstmain"><a href="#" target="_self" title="Human Practices">Human&nbsp;Practices</a>
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</li>
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      <p></p>
<li><a href="#" target="_self" title="Silver">Silver</a>
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</li>
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    </div>
<li><a href="#" target="_self" title="Gold">Gold&nbsp;</a>
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</li>
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      <p></p>
<li><a href="#" target="_self" title="Integrated Practices">Integrated&nbsp;Practices</a>
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</li>
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<li><a href="#" target="_self" title="Engagement">Engagement</a>
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</ul>
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      <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/a/a4/EdiGEM16UGpuzzleResize.png">
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</div>
 
</div>
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      <p></p>
<div id="wb_CssMenu2" style="position:absolute;left:27px;top:14px;width:171px;height:160px;z-index:4;">
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       <h3 style="font-size:250%;">Density</h3>
<ul>
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      <p>DNA has 1000 times</p>
<li class="firstmain"><a href="#" target="_self" title="Entrepreneurship">Entrepreneurship</a>
+
      <p>greater storage density</p>
</li>
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      <p>than flash memory</p>
<li><a href="#" target="_self" title="Hardware">Hardware</a>
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    </div>
</li>
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    <div class="col-sm-3">
<li><a href="#" target="_self" title="Software">Software</a>
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      <p></p>
</li>
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      <h3 style="font-size:250%;">Affordability</h3>
<li><a href="#" target="_self" title="Measurement">Measurement</a>
+
      <p>All our encoding programmes </p>
</li>
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      <p>are open source and initial </p>
<li><a href="#" target="_self" title="Model">Model</a>
+
      <p>synthesis of the lexicon is done </p>
</li>
+
      <p>for you providing significant </p>
</ul>
+
      <p>cost reductions on existing </p>
 +
      <p>methods</p>
 +
    </div>
 +
    <div class="col-sm-3">
 +
      <p></p>
 +
      <h3 style="font-size:250%;;">Longevity</h3>
 +
      <p>DNA can last for </p>
 +
      <p>thousands of years </p>
 +
      <p>without consuming </p>
 +
      <p>resources; modern  </p>
 +
      <p>hard drives can only </p>
 +
      <p>last 50</p>
 +
    </div>
 +
    <div class="col-sm-3">
 +
      <p></p>
 +
      <h3 style="font-size:250%;">Modularity</h3>
 +
      <p>Assembly of our BabbleBricks </p>
 +
      <p>is unrestricted and completely </p>
 +
      <p>customisable </p>
 +
    </div>
 +
  </div>
 
</div>
 
</div>
      </div>
+
 
      </li>
+
<div class="container-fluid">
       <li>
+
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+
        <p></p>
      </div>
+
        <h3 style="font-size:250%;;">Abstract</h3>
      </li>
+
        <p>The last decade has seen an exponential increase in data and information
      <li>
+
          generation, creating a storage demand that will soon outweigh supply.
      <a href="#" title="Attributions" class="button">Attributions<span class="arrow-down"></span></a>
+
          By 2040, global data storage demand will reach 3×10^24 (3 million billion billion)
      <div class="layer" style="text-align:center;width:165px;height:151px">
+
          bits1.. Considering the amount of energy required to run a data centre
      </div>
+
          (about 2% of global energy consumption2.) and the limited supply of raw materials
      </li>
+
          like silicon for manufacturing memory devices, it is clear that novel storage
  </ul>
+
          methods are of the utmost importance in meeting demand and providing a
 +
          sustainable, long term solution to the data storage problem. The University
 +
          of Edinburgh 2016 undergraduate iGEM team held these considerations in mind
 +
          when we set out to create a new DNA-based storage system.</p>
 +
        <p>Over the course of weeks 1 and 2 our team explored and researched ideas
 +
          for a project utilising DNA as an information storage device. Our
 +
          brainstorming process evolved through discussions about the advantages
 +
          and disadvantages of DNA synthesis and encoding digital information into
 +
          nucleotide sequences. Major points of debate were cost, fidelity and efficiency
 +
          of data storage. Following some constructive feedback from our supervisors,
 +
          our team focused on developing a method that is accessible, sustainable
 +
          and fits the iGEM format.</p>
 +
        <p>Our project, given the name BabblED, is based on a simple idea: develop
 +
          a modular system for encoding text, or any other unit of information,
 +
          into DNA. We will prove the validity of our concept by encoding Ogden’s
 +
          Basic English (a collection of 850-1,000 words that can be used to express
 +
          most concepts in the English language). Each encoded word a BabbleBrick
 +
          will be stored in a different PhytoBrick. Sentence assembly and unidirectionality
 +
          is ensured by the stepwise addition of BabbleBricks that have alternating types
 +
          of sticky ends; this also prevents repeats and minimizes the occurrence of missing
 +
          words. The whole sentence construct can be melted off for easy retrieval and
 +
          assembled back into a PhytoBrick for storage. Since the value that is
 +
          assigned to each BabbleBrick is arbitrary, each one can be reused with
 +
          any library or language. In this way, our encoding and assembly method
 +
          can be optimized for many types of data. Furthermore, using tools such
 +
          as checksums, optimal rectangular codes and, when appropriate, natural
 +
          language processing techniques, we are able to ensure that each BabbleBrick
 +
          sentence can be decoded with 100% accuracy.</p>
 +
        <p>As of week 4, we have developed the computer program that converts
 +
            our vocabulary to BabbleBrick sequences. We have designed the DNA sequences
 +
            for error-correcting codes and researched the benefits and potential ways
 +
            to utilize encryption in our method. We are in the process of ordering our
 +
            first BabbleBricks in the form of gBlocks from IDT and testing our
 +
            assembly method for efficiency. We have commenced the 2016 Interlab
 +
            study and are pursuing another exciting project on bacterial growth-based
 +
            logic. We have already had some fascinating discussions with data specialists
 +
            and librarians; their feedback and expertise are vital to how we are shaping
 +
            our project. We have also been in touch with other iGEM teams, such
 +
            as Newcastle and Dundee, and are hosting a Scottish team meet-up in
 +
            the beginning of July.</p>
 +
          <p>References:</p>
 +
          <p>1.http://www.nature.com/nmat/journal/v15/n4/full/nmat4594.html#supplementary-information</p>
 +
          <p>2.http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/publications/climate/2011/
 +
          Cool%20IT/dirty-data-report-greenpeace.pdf/</p>
 +
  </div>
 
</div>
 
</div>
 +
 
</body>
 
</body>
 
</html>
 
</html>

Revision as of 14:52, 19 July 2016

<!DOCTYPE html> Edinburgh_UG_Home

By 2040, we will run out of the materials needed to store digital data.

If this happens, there will be no capacity for Twitter,

Facebook or iGEM to function online. Last year, data

centres worldwide used more electricity than the entire

United Kingdom. By 2020, it will cost more than $13.7

billion to power data centres per year.

We have a solution: DNA Text Encoding

Density

DNA has 1000 times

greater storage density

than flash memory

Affordability

All our encoding programmes

are open source and initial

synthesis of the lexicon is done

for you providing significant

cost reductions on existing

methods

Longevity

DNA can last for

thousands of years

without consuming

resources; modern

hard drives can only

last 50

Modularity

Assembly of our BabbleBricks

is unrestricted and completely

customisable

Abstract

The last decade has seen an exponential increase in data and information generation, creating a storage demand that will soon outweigh supply. By 2040, global data storage demand will reach 3×10^24 (3 million billion billion) bits1.. Considering the amount of energy required to run a data centre (about 2% of global energy consumption2.) and the limited supply of raw materials like silicon for manufacturing memory devices, it is clear that novel storage methods are of the utmost importance in meeting demand and providing a sustainable, long term solution to the data storage problem. The University of Edinburgh 2016 undergraduate iGEM team held these considerations in mind when we set out to create a new DNA-based storage system.

Over the course of weeks 1 and 2 our team explored and researched ideas for a project utilising DNA as an information storage device. Our brainstorming process evolved through discussions about the advantages and disadvantages of DNA synthesis and encoding digital information into nucleotide sequences. Major points of debate were cost, fidelity and efficiency of data storage. Following some constructive feedback from our supervisors, our team focused on developing a method that is accessible, sustainable and fits the iGEM format.

Our project, given the name BabblED, is based on a simple idea: develop a modular system for encoding text, or any other unit of information, into DNA. We will prove the validity of our concept by encoding Ogden’s Basic English (a collection of 850-1,000 words that can be used to express most concepts in the English language). Each encoded word a BabbleBrick will be stored in a different PhytoBrick. Sentence assembly and unidirectionality is ensured by the stepwise addition of BabbleBricks that have alternating types of sticky ends; this also prevents repeats and minimizes the occurrence of missing words. The whole sentence construct can be melted off for easy retrieval and assembled back into a PhytoBrick for storage. Since the value that is assigned to each BabbleBrick is arbitrary, each one can be reused with any library or language. In this way, our encoding and assembly method can be optimized for many types of data. Furthermore, using tools such as checksums, optimal rectangular codes and, when appropriate, natural language processing techniques, we are able to ensure that each BabbleBrick sentence can be decoded with 100% accuracy.

As of week 4, we have developed the computer program that converts our vocabulary to BabbleBrick sequences. We have designed the DNA sequences for error-correcting codes and researched the benefits and potential ways to utilize encryption in our method. We are in the process of ordering our first BabbleBricks in the form of gBlocks from IDT and testing our assembly method for efficiency. We have commenced the 2016 Interlab study and are pursuing another exciting project on bacterial growth-based logic. We have already had some fascinating discussions with data specialists and librarians; their feedback and expertise are vital to how we are shaping our project. We have also been in touch with other iGEM teams, such as Newcastle and Dundee, and are hosting a Scottish team meet-up in the beginning of July.

References:

1.http://www.nature.com/nmat/journal/v15/n4/full/nmat4594.html#supplementary-information

2.http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/publications/climate/2011/ Cool%20IT/dirty-data-report-greenpeace.pdf/