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| | <title>iGEM Team Graz</title> | | <title>iGEM Team Graz</title> |
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| − | <h1>THE MOVIE</h1>
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| − | <h1>PROJECT</h1>
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| − | <h2>The Last Colinator</h2>
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| − | The human microbiome – the totality of all on and in us living microorganisms represents about 2 kilos or
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| − | 4 pounds of our body weight. The world of microorganisms has by now left specialized laboratories or ancient
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| − | textbooks and reached the minds of people every day. The awareness about bacteria-human interaction increases steadily.
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| − | The market for probiotics is booming, resistance against antibiotics causes losses in billions each year,
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| − | not to mention human health effects. At exactly this point our project sets in. Our goal is to develop new
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| − | metabolic pathways which allow our test bacteria to utilize nutrients more efficiently, to degrade toxins or
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| − | to produce new antibiotics. To come straight to the point our project, called „The Last Colinator“, is dealing
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| − | with selective pressure, spontaneous mutation, antibiotics resistance and the finding of new selection markers.
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| − | To reach this goal it is not enough to sit back and wait for the bacteria to do it on its own, the mills of
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| − | evolution grind slowly. The driving force of evolution is stress in form of changing environment conditions
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| − | as food shortage, changes in climate, natural enemies etc. Exactly those evolutionary conditions we are about to simulate.
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| − | On a culture dish – the arena – we spread out two different bacteria strains – the competitors. Each strain
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| − | is equipped with certain skills which are harmful or which give it a protective shield against the competitor.
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| − | That may be the ability to produce a toxin, to grow faster, to have better defense mechanisms etc.
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| − | Those abilities are genetically determined by genes and therefore can be modified by molecular biologic methods.
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| − | We are modifying our genes of interest in a way that they are more prone to mutagenesis by environmental stress
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| − | and are thereby more effective in adapting on changing conditions.
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| − | </p>
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| − | <img src="/wiki/images/e/eb/Fig1.jpeg" width="704" height="300" />
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| − | Altogether 4 different strains of Escherichia coli are used and created, different features each.
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| − | Strain 1 for example comprises ccdB/ccdA genes (toxin-antitoxin-system), a DAM methylase gene and a
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| − | chromoprotein gene for the visible tracking. Every strain receives its own characteristic chromoprotein genes,
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| − | as well as, toxin/antitoxin genes. Every stain gets the DAM-methylase gene, though. The DAM-methylase leads to
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| − | increased spontaneous mutation.
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| − | </p>
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| − | <img src="/wiki/images/4/4b/Fig2.jpeg" width="504" height="504" />
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| − | The environmental conditions like nutrient availability, temperature, pH etc. are chosen in a manner
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| − | to generate highest possible stress for the bacteria, this will push evolution additionally. At the end
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| − | one strain will be the sole survivor. The reason for its survival will be the fact that it developed a way
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| − | or an ability to adapt faster or more efficient to those harsh life conditions. That may now be a new antibiotic,
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| − | a new metabolic pathway for toxin degradation, better utilization of nutrients or many more. Furthermore, innumerable
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| − | selection markers are created. These markers can later be utilized in various projects, e.g. at the creation of recombinant proteins.
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| − | <h1>Team</h1>
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| − | <div id="boxleft">
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| − | <div class="teamfoto"><img src="../wiki/images/9/91/Mathilde.jpeg" alt="Carina"></div>
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| − | <div class="teamtext">Mathilde</div>
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div id="boxright">
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| − | <div class="teamfoto"><img src="../wiki/images/d/d8/Sandra.jpeg" alt="Daniela"></div>
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| − | <div class="teamtext">Sandra</div>
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| − | <div class="teamfoto"><img src="../wiki/images/9/91/Mathilde.jpeg" alt="Carina"></div>
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| − | <div class="teamtext">Mathilde</div>
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div id="boxright">
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| − | <div class="teamfoto"><img src="../wiki/images/d/d8/Sandra.jpeg" alt="Daniela"></div>
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| − | <div class="teamtext">Sandra</div>
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| − | <!--<div id="ueberschrift">Sponsoring</div>-->
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| − | <div class="sponsoring"><img src="../images/1.jpg" alt="Carina"></div>
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| − | <div class="sponsoring"><img src="../images/2.jpg" alt="Daniela"></div>
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| − | <div class="sponsoring"><img src="../images/4.jpg" alt="Carina"></div>
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| − | <div class="sponsoring"><img src="../images/5.jpg" alt="Daniela"></div>
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| − | <div class="sponsoring"><img src="../images/6.jpg" alt="Carina"></div>
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