Difference between revisions of "Team:Aix-Marseille/Integrated Practices/Environment"
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The average concentration of platinum and palladium can reach values of '''22.74µg/kg''' for platinum and '''120.8µg/kg''' just near the road. As we can forsee, the concentration is dependent of the distance of the road and indeed values fall to 2.04µg/kg and 84.2µg/kg for platinum and palladium respectiveley is measure are carried out 5 meters aways from the road <ref>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969707006390 Hooda et al., 2007 </ref> | The average concentration of platinum and palladium can reach values of '''22.74µg/kg''' for platinum and '''120.8µg/kg''' just near the road. As we can forsee, the concentration is dependent of the distance of the road and indeed values fall to 2.04µg/kg and 84.2µg/kg for platinum and palladium respectiveley is measure are carried out 5 meters aways from the road <ref>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969707006390 Hooda et al., 2007 </ref> | ||
| − | Near roads in Germany, with a heavy traffic of about 16,000 car a days and with a speed limit of 80km/h, platinum concentrations have been estmiated around '''50µg/kg'''. | + | Near roads in Germany, with a heavy traffic of about 16,000 car a days and with a speed limit of 80km/h, platinum concentrations have been estmiated around '''50µg/kg'''. C |
| + | Even greater value have been found, reaching the impressive value of '''132µg/kg'''<ref>http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es061453s Zereini and al., 2007</ref>. | ||
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==Plants== | ==Plants== | ||
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Somes species of birch trees are also able to accumulate platinum to a value up to '''1350ng/g''' and ashes from pine trees presents platinum concentration around '''5000ng/g'''<ref>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825214000063?np=y Reith and al., 2014</ref>. | Somes species of birch trees are also able to accumulate platinum to a value up to '''1350ng/g''' and ashes from pine trees presents platinum concentration around '''5000ng/g'''<ref>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825214000063?np=y Reith and al., 2014</ref>. | ||
| − | + | ==Rivers== | |
| + | Concentrations found in Rhine river help to realize how concentrations in platinum could increase with the effluents due to the rain washing. Concentration usually found are about 5ng/g but after a rain events (all soils, and surfaces are washed out) this concentration reach a value of '''31.2µg/g''' thus increased a '''thousand''' times <ref>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825214000063?np=y Reith and al., 2014</ref> | ||
| + | ==Urban area== | ||
| + | In urban area the source of platinum are every where as many types of vehicles are always present in thoses places. | ||
| + | oncentrations in soils town center have even shown a value of '''90µg/kg'''!<ref>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969707007905 Wichmann and al., 2007<ref> | ||
| − | + | Much higher value have been measured in air born dust, with a mean of '''1730µg/kg'''<ref>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969707007905 Wichmann and al., 2007<ref>. | |
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| + | ==Sewage sludge== | ||
| + | In sewage sludge,on of the most promising start for our process, all the resduals metals concentrate especially after rain events. COncentration have been measured around '''602µg/kg''' for platinum and 722 µg/kg''' for palladium<refhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19878972 Jackson, Prichard and Sampson., 2010</ref>. | ||
| + | As produced steadily in great quantities, sewage sludge could be a very good source for our process. | ||
'''Coal''' | '''Coal''' | ||
