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<h2 style="font-size:200%; text-align:center;font-family: font-family:times new roman,times,serif; line-height:1.5;font-family:times new roman,times,serif">Conclusion:</h2>
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<p style="font-family: font-family:times new roman,times,serif; line-height:1.5; font-size:150%">Based on the images presented above, we can conclude that we have successfully synthesized gold nanoparticles utilizing chloroauric acid and aloe vera extract. The expected triangular shapes were observed in some of the synthesized nanoparticles but not all of them and the size ranges was far from the 100 nm that were expected. The drop-rate of the chloroauric acid into the aloe vera extract can be controled more efficiently and perhaps this would yield better results. After testing different concentrations of chloroauric acid and different aloe vera to chloroauric acid ratios we found that the optimal parameters for the synthesis of these gold nanoparticles is 1 mM chloroauric acid with 40% (v/v) Aloe Vera extract.
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Revision as of 21:54, 18 October 2016

iGEM Concordia Wiki

NANOPARTICLE SYNTHESIS RESULTS:

Plant Synthesis: Aloe Vera

Triangular Gold Nanoparticles(10-100 nm) Synthesized using Aloe Vera Extract.

Optimal variables:
1 mM HAuCl4 solution with 40%(v/v) Aloe Vera Extract.

TEM Results:
We had initially expected the nanoparticles to be triangular in shape and to be around 100 nm in size. Upon inspection, we found that the nanoparticles were a variety of sizes from 10 to 100 nm and were not exclusively triangular. We also found that there was a film around the nanoparticles, which we learned was potentially organics from our extracts.
EDS Results:
An Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrogram (EDS) was obtained for our samples to confirm that they were indeed gold. High peaks for copper and carbon are a result of the grid used in the microscope. The peaks containing gold (Au) are a confirmation that the nanoparticles are made of gold.
UV-vis-IR Results:
A maximum absorbance at approximately 530 nm confirms the presence of gold nanoparticles, which was most strongly displayed by nanoparticles that were synthesized using an aloe vera extract that was 40%(v/v) in solution. This result further confirms the presence of gold nanoparticles.

Conclusion:

Based on the images presented above, we can conclude that we have successfully synthesized gold nanoparticles utilizing chloroauric acid and aloe vera extract. The expected triangular shapes were observed in some of the synthesized nanoparticles but not all of them and the size ranges was far from the 100 nm that were expected. The drop-rate of the chloroauric acid into the aloe vera extract can be controled more efficiently and perhaps this would yield better results. After testing different concentrations of chloroauric acid and different aloe vera to chloroauric acid ratios we found that the optimal parameters for the synthesis of these gold nanoparticles is 1 mM chloroauric acid with 40% (v/v) Aloe Vera extract.


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Plant Synthesis: Garlic

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Donec quam felis, ultricies nec, pellentesque eu, pretium quis, sem. Nulla consequat massa quis enim. Donec pede justo, fringilla vel, aliquet nec, vulputate eget, arcu. In enim justo, rhoncus ut, imperdiet a, venenatis vitae, justo. Nullam dictum felis eu pede mollis pretium. Integer tincidunt. Cras dapibus. Vivamus elementum semper nisi. Aenean vulputate eleifend tellus. Aenean leo ligula, porttitor eu, consequat vitae, eleifend ac, enim. Aliquam lorem ante, dapibus in, viverra quis, feugiat a, tellus. Phasellus viverra nulla ut metus varius laoreet. Quisque rutrum. Aenean imperdiet. Etiam ultricies nisi vel augue. Curabitur ullamcorper ultricies nisi. Nam eget dui. Etiam rhoncus. Maecenas tempus, tellus eget condimentum rhoncus, sem quam semper libero, sit amet adipiscing sem neque sed ipsum. Nam quam nunc, blandit vel, luctus pulvinar, hendrerit id, lorem. Maecenas nec odio et ante tincidunt tempus. Donec vitae sapien ut libero venenatis faucibus. Nullam quis ante. Etiam sit amet orci eget eros faucibus tincidunt. Duis leo. Sed fringilla mauris sit amet nibh. Donec sodales sagittis magna. Sed consequat, leo eget bibendum sodales, augue velit cursus nunc,
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Donec quam felis, ultricies nec, pellentesque eu, pretium quis, sem. Nulla consequat massa quis enim. Donec pede justo, fringilla vel, aliquet nec, vulputate eget, arcu. In enim justo, rhoncus ut, imperdiet a, venenatis vitae, justo. Nullam dictum felis eu pede mollis pretium. Integer tincidunt. Cras dapibus. Vivamus elementum semper nisi. Aenean vulputate eleifend tellus. Aenean leo ligula, porttitor eu, consequat vitae, eleifend ac, enim. Aliquam lorem ante, dapibus in, viverra quis, feugiat a, tellus. Phasellus viverra nulla ut metus varius laoreet. Quisque rutrum. Aenean imperdiet. Etiam ultricies nisi vel augue. Curabitur ullamcorper ultricies nisi. Nam eget dui. Etiam rhoncus. Maecenas tempus, tellus eget condimentum rhoncus, sem quam semper libero, sit amet adipiscing sem neque sed ipsum. Nam quam nunc, blandit vel, luctus pulvinar, hendrerit id, lorem. Maecenas nec odio et ante tincidunt tempus. Donec vitae sapien ut libero venenatis faucibus. Nullam quis ante. Etiam sit amet orci eget eros faucibus tincidunt. Duis leo. Sed fringilla mauris sit amet nibh. Donec sodales sagittis magna. Sed consequat, leo eget bibendum sodales, augue velit cursus nunc,
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Plant Synthesis: Cabbage

Spherical Silver Nanoparticles (5-30 nm) Synthesized using Cabbage Extract

According to the protocol we followed from published literature, we expected our silver nanoparticles from cabbage extract to be within 30-50nm in size and spherical. Upon visualization using a TEM, we found that our nanoparticles were indeed spherical, but smaller than expected (within 5-30nm). However, these conditions generated the best results as there weren’t any aggregates/ agglomeration apparent in the sample and all nanoparticles formed are consistently spherical.
EDS analysis: confirmed that the particles were made of silver, though the signals were low likely due to the small particle sizes. Copper and carbon peaks are due to the grid used in the TEM analysis.
The highest absorbance expected for silver nanoparticles is read at approximately 450 nm, which is what we had obtained as indicated by our results. This result indicates the successful synthesis of silver nanoparticles.
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Chemical Synthesis: Martin Method

Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Martin Method
The Martin method of synthesis was used to create gold nanoparticles ranging in size from 1-10nm. The colour change from clear to dark red indicates the formation of our nanoparticles.
Gold Nanoparticles synthesized using Martin Method viewed under TEM
Individual nanoparticles cannot be observed through a typical light microscope because of their small size. Once synthesis of our nanoparticles was complete, we brought samples to a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) to observe our nanoparticles. Above is one of the images from the TEM. The nanoparticles were all spherical in size and fell into our expected range of 1 - 10nm. Most of the nanoparticles were around 5 nm in size, which is optimal for our nanoshell attachment method.
UV-Vis Spectroscopy Data for Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Martin Method
One method for confirming the presence of our nanoparticles involved measuring the absorbance of our samples using uv-vis spectroscopy. Gold nanoparticle synthesis appears to be successful from this UV-vis data. We were expecting a peak at 513±3nm and obtained a peak at 511 nm.
DLS Data for Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized through Martin Method.
One method for determining the size of nanoparticles involves the use of dynamic light scattering (DLS). This method measures the size of nanoparticles based on the water molecules surrounding the nanoparticles. This hydrodynamic size confirms the diamter of our nanoparticles. Accordind to our DLS data, most of the nanoparticles synthesized through the Martin Method were 3nm or 5nm. This falls into our expected range of 1-10nm.
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Chemical Synthesis: Turkevich Method

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Donec quam felis, ultricies nec, pellentesque eu, pretium quis, sem. Nulla consequat massa quis enim. Donec pede justo, fringilla vel, aliquet nec, vulputate eget, arcu. In enim justo, rhoncus ut, imperdiet a, venenatis vitae, justo. Nullam dictum felis eu pede mollis pretium. Integer tincidunt. Cras dapibus. Vivamus elementum semper nisi. Aenean vulputate eleifend tellus. Aenean leo ligula, porttitor eu, consequat vitae, eleifend ac, enim. Aliquam lorem ante, dapibus in, viverra quis, feugiat a, tellus. Phasellus viverra nulla ut metus varius laoreet. Quisque rutrum. Aenean imperdiet. Etiam ultricies nisi vel augue. Curabitur ullamcorper ultricies nisi. Nam eget dui. Etiam rhoncus. Maecenas tempus, tellus eget condimentum rhoncus, sem quam semper libero, sit amet adipiscing sem neque sed ipsum. Nam quam nunc, blandit vel, luctus pulvinar, hendrerit id, lorem. Maecenas nec odio et ante tincidunt tempus. Donec vitae sapien ut libero venenatis faucibus. Nullam quis ante. Etiam sit amet orci eget eros faucibus tincidunt. Duis leo. Sed fringilla mauris sit amet nibh. Donec sodales sagittis magna. Sed consequat, leo eget bibendum sodales, augue velit cursus nunc,
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Donec quam felis, ultricies nec, pellentesque eu, pretium quis, sem. Nulla consequat massa quis enim. Donec pede justo, fringilla vel, aliquet nec, vulputate eget, arcu. In enim justo, rhoncus ut, imperdiet a, venenatis vitae, justo. Nullam dictum felis eu pede mollis pretium. Integer tincidunt. Cras dapibus. Vivamus elementum semper nisi. Aenean vulputate eleifend tellus. Aenean leo ligula, porttitor eu, consequat vitae, eleifend ac, enim. Aliquam lorem ante, dapibus in, viverra quis, feugiat a, tellus. Phasellus viverra nulla ut metus varius laoreet. Quisque rutrum. Aenean imperdiet. Etiam ultricies nisi vel augue. Curabitur ullamcorper ultricies nisi. Nam eget dui. Etiam rhoncus. Maecenas tempus, tellus eget condimentum rhoncus, sem quam semper libero, sit amet adipiscing sem neque sed ipsum. Nam quam nunc, blandit vel, luctus pulvinar, hendrerit id, lorem. Maecenas nec odio et ante tincidunt tempus. Donec vitae sapien ut libero venenatis faucibus. Nullam quis ante. Etiam sit amet orci eget eros faucibus tincidunt. Duis leo. Sed fringilla mauris sit amet nibh. Donec sodales sagittis magna. Sed consequat, leo eget bibendum sodales, augue velit cursus nunc,
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