Pathogen
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Clinical manifestations and other associated diseases
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Bacterial infections
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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GONORRHOEA Men: urethral discharge (urethritis), epididymitis, orchitis, infertility Women: cervicitis, endometritis, salpingitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, preterm rupture of membranes, perihepatitis; commonly asymptomatic
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Chlamydia trachomatis
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CHLAMYDIAL INFECTION Men: urethral discharge (urethritis), epididymitis, orchitis, infertility Women: cervicitis, endometritis, salpingitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, preterm rupture of membranes, perihepatitis; commonly asymptomatic Both sexes: proctitis, pharyngitis, Reiter’s syndrome Neonates: conjunctivitis, pneumonia
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Chlamydia trachomatis
(serovars L1–L3)
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LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM Both sexes: ulcer, inguinal swelling (bubo), proctitis
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Treponema pallidum
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SYPHILIS Both sexes: primary ulcer (chancre) with local adenopathy, skin rashes, condylomata lata; bone, cardiovascular, and neurological damage Women: pregnancy wastage (abortion, stillbirth), premature delivery Neonates: stillbirth, congenital syphilis
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Haemophilus ducreyi
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CHANCROID Both sexes: painful genital ulcers; may be accompanied by bubo
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Klebsiella (Calymmatobacterium) granulomatis
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DONOVANOSIS (GRANULOMA INGUINALE) Both sexes: nodular swellings and ulcerative lesions of the inguinal and anogenital areas Men: urethral discharge (nongonococcal urethritis) Women: cervicitis, endometritis, probably pelvic inflammatory disease
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Mycoplasma genitalium
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Men: urethral discharge (nongonococcal urethritis) Women: cervicitis, endometritis, probably pelvic inflammatory disease
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Viral infections
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
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ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS) Both sexes: HIV-related disease, AIDS
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Herpes simplex virus type 2 Herpes simplex virus type 1 (less common)
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GENITAL HERPES Both sexes: anogenital vesicular lesions and ulcerations Neonates: neonatal herpes (often fatal)
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Human papillomavirus
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GENITAL WARTS Men: penile and anal warts; carcinoma of the penis Women: vulval, anal, and cervical warts, cervical carcinoma, vulval carcinoma, anal carcinoma Neonates: laryngeal papilloma
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Hepatitis B virus
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VIRAL HEPATITIS Both sexes: acute hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, liver cancer
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Cytomegalovirus
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CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION Both sexes: subclinical or nonspecific fever, diffuse lymph node swelling, liver disease, etc.
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Molluscum contagiosum virus
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MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM Both sexes: genital or generalized umbilicated, firm skin nodules
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Kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus type 8)
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KAPOSI SARCOMA Both sexes: aggressive type of cancer in immunosuppressed persons
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Protozoal infections
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Trichomonas vaginalis
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TRICHOMONIASIS Men: urethral discharge (nongonococcal urethritis); often asymptomatic Women: vaginosis with profuse, frothy vaginal discharge; preterm birth, low-birth-weight babies Neonates: low birth weight
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Fungal infections
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Candida albicans
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CANDIDIASIS Men: superficial infection of the glans penis Women: vulvo-vaginitis with thick curd-like vaginal discharge, vulval itching, or burning
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Parasitic infestations
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Phthirus pubis Sarcoptes scabiei
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PUBIC LICE INFESTATION SCABIES
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