Arboviruses, arthropod-borne viruses, are important global (re)-emerging viruses (more than 40% of emerging infectious diseases are caused by arboviruses). As its name suggests, arboviruses are transmitted by haematophagous arthropods such as mosquitoes or ticks, and most of them are transmitted by mosquitoes (> 100). When an arbovirus infects mammalians hosts like humans, it causes acute diseases associated with different symptoms ranging from high fever to arthralgias, encephalitis, pulmonary distress, or hemorrhagic fevers. Unfortunately, some causes of these symptoms remain unknown. Nowadays, the vector-borne diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in humans and animals, making them a major concern for public health. </br></br></br>

</a>We have to know that arboviruses don’t represent a single family of viruses but several viruses from different families: Flaviviridae (Dengue virus DENV, Zika virus ZIKV, Yellow Fever virus YFV, West Nile virus WNV, etc), Togaviridae (Chikungunya virus CHIKV, Ross River virus RRV, etc), Bunyaviridae (Rift Valley virus RVV, etc), that’s why specific treatments or vaccines need to be adapted for each family (See <a href="#">IDENTITY CARDS</a> section). </br></br>

Since only yellow fever is prevented by vaccination, the single efficient method to fight against arboviruses is vector control. Several methods exist but the most common is insecticide spraying (particularly pyrethroids and organophosphates). Unfortunately, mosquitoes become more and more resistant and more and more classes of insecticides are developed, increasing multiresistances and high environmental impact. Moreover, since we are unable to maintain effective control of mosquito populations, the fact that resistance contributes to the re-emergence of arboviruses cannot be excluded. That’s why insecticide resistance is now regarded by the WHO as a major obstacle to the control of diseases transmitted by mosquitoes. Many organizations are created and act together. For example, in accordance with the Research and Training Program on Tropical Diseases (TDR), supported by WHO,  the Department of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) and the WIN network met for the first time. WIN network is comprised of fifteen international institutions recognized for research on vectors to counter the resistance to insecticides globally. Additionally, the IRD, CNRS and the Institut Pasteur of French Guiana are highly mobilized at the French level. Concerning France, insecticides are sprayed when human infected cases are identified and where competent mosquitoes are present. Considering asymptomatic carriers, symptomatic carriers who think having flu, and physicians who don’t report identified cases, the majority of disease importations are not detected. Moreover, when identified cases are reported, insecticide spraying occursthere, ignoring the possibility of mobility of infected people or infected mosquitoes. It seems obvious that it could be better to anticipate disease importations and outbreaks occurrences by acting before infected cases identification happens. Finally, competent vectors repartition all over the world is well known but infected vectors repartition is not. By mapping the infected vectors’ repartition, we could perform a more rational use of insecticides and focus our efforts on concerned regions. </br></br>