Difference between revisions of "Team:Slovenia/Implementation/ProteaseInducible secretion"

Protease-based inducible secretion

Fast sensing and fast signaling pathway were developed using protease-based pathway. In the final step for the construction of rapidly responding cells we wanted to implement a fast output that would not require a slow transcription/translation biosynthesis of new proteins. We decided to engineer a system capable of regulated secretion of a protein using genetically encoded components.

To achieve a fast regulated cellular response resulting in the release of a protein, we decided to mimic the release of insulin from beta cells where the protein of interest is pre-formed and present in the cell in secretory granules. In contrast to the specialized storage and release mechanism of insulin from beta cells we wanted to develop a more general and modular solution by making use of components already existing in different types of cells. Additionally, there should be minimal leakage from the protein depot in the uninduced state and after induction secretion from the cell should be fast.

Many proteins that reside on the membrane or in the lumen of the ER contain short peptide signals. Proteins present in the lumen of the ER contain a KDEL C-terminal sequence (Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu) while type I transmembrane (TM) proteins contain a dilysine (KKXX) motif on their C-terminus (cytosolic side). Munro1987, Jackson1990, Stornaiuolo2003. The mechanism that allows these proteins to stay in the ER is more retrieval than retention. However we decided to use the term retention for description of this process. ER luminal proteins interact with the KDEL receptor, a transmembrane ER resident protein. The cytosolic part of the KDEL receptor interacts with coat proteins I (COP I) which coat vesicles and are responsible for transporting proteins from the cis end of the Golgi apparatus (cis-GA) back to the ER. The KKXX motif present on type I TM proteins can directly interact with the COP I for retrieval. Stornaiuolo2003, Letourneur1994 .

Our idea was that if we proteolytically remove the retention signal, the protein of interest would no longer be retrieved back to the ER and could be secreted from the cell. To achieve this we designed two types of secretory reporters, one type based on the luminal retention using KDEL sequence and the other based on the transmembrane retention with a KKMP sequence. In each case, the retention sequence was preceded by a TEVp cleavage site to allow for inducible secretion, which could be replaced by any other peptide target of our orthogonal protease set.

Secretion from the ER lumen

To achieve and detect the inducible secretion from the ER lumen, we created two reporter constructs with a cleavable KDEL sequence targeted to the ER lumen: SEAPKDEL and TagRFPKDEL. Those proteins contained a protease target motif between the reporter domain and the KDEL domain, aimed to enable protein secretion after the proteolytic cleavage. We used a TEVp variant (erTEVp) for all of our experiments with luminal retention.

Results

When the TagRFP^KDEL reporter (1A) was expressed in the ER without an active erTEVp we confirmed its localization in the ER with confocal microscopy (1B). Additionally, we could not detect any TagRFP in the cell medium with Western blotting. When erTEVp was present and active in the ER, the KDEL sequence was removed from the reporter and the protein was secreted from the cell, which we detected with Western blot (1C), demonstrating that proteolytic activity in the ER can regulate protein secretion.

Using SEAP^KDEL we were able to confirm that the reporter is not present in the cell medium without coexpression of erTEVp. When erTEVp was cotransfected with the reporter, we detected a large increase in enzymatic activity in the medium (2).