Difference between revisions of "Team:Aix-Marseille/Integrated Practices/Environment"
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{{:Team:Aix-Marseille/Template-Top|Environment}} | {{:Team:Aix-Marseille/Template-Top|Environment}} | ||
| − | =Situation= | + | ==Situation== |
A plenty of studies assess the increase in metals around in environment. Many places and many metals are concerned all over the world. here we'll focuse mainly on Platinum and Palladium | A plenty of studies assess the increase in metals around in environment. Many places and many metals are concerned all over the world. here we'll focuse mainly on Platinum and Palladium | ||
| − | ==Roads== | + | ===Roads=== |
As platinum and palladium are used as catalic converters the main source of pollution is close the axis of car traffic, i.e. roads and highways. Several studies show differents concentrations as context of measures are always differents and the factors involved in concentration are much complex. | As platinum and palladium are used as catalic converters the main source of pollution is close the axis of car traffic, i.e. roads and highways. Several studies show differents concentrations as context of measures are always differents and the factors involved in concentration are much complex. | ||
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Even greater value have been found, reaching the impressive value of '''132µg/kg'''<ref>http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es061453s Zereini and al., 2007</ref>. | Even greater value have been found, reaching the impressive value of '''132µg/kg'''<ref>http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es061453s Zereini and al., 2007</ref>. | ||
| − | ==Plants== | + | ===Plants=== |
Plants thriving near the roads accumulate metals as expected as their concentrations for platinum and palladium respectiveley are in average about '''8.64µg/kg''' and '''10µg/kg''' respectiveley<ref>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969707006390 Hooda et al., 2007 </ref>. | Plants thriving near the roads accumulate metals as expected as their concentrations for platinum and palladium respectiveley are in average about '''8.64µg/kg''' and '''10µg/kg''' respectiveley<ref>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969707006390 Hooda et al., 2007 </ref>. | ||
Somes species of birch trees are also able to accumulate platinum to a value up to '''1350ng/g''' and ashes from pine trees presents platinum concentration around '''5000ng/g'''<ref>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825214000063?np=y Reith and al., 2014</ref>. | Somes species of birch trees are also able to accumulate platinum to a value up to '''1350ng/g''' and ashes from pine trees presents platinum concentration around '''5000ng/g'''<ref>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825214000063?np=y Reith and al., 2014</ref>. | ||
| − | ==Rivers== | + | ===Rivers=== |
Concentrations found in Rhine river help to realize how concentrations in platinum could increase with the effluents due to the rain washing. Concentration usually found are about 5ng/g but after a rain events (all soils, and surfaces are washed out) this concentration reach a value of '''31.2µg/g''' thus increased a '''thousand''' times <ref>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825214000063?np=y Reith and al., 2014</ref> | Concentrations found in Rhine river help to realize how concentrations in platinum could increase with the effluents due to the rain washing. Concentration usually found are about 5ng/g but after a rain events (all soils, and surfaces are washed out) this concentration reach a value of '''31.2µg/g''' thus increased a '''thousand''' times <ref>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825214000063?np=y Reith and al., 2014</ref> | ||
| − | ==Urban area== | + | ===Urban area=== |
In urban area the source of platinum are every where as many types of vehicles are always present in thoses places. | In urban area the source of platinum are every where as many types of vehicles are always present in thoses places. | ||
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| − | ==Sewage sludge== | + | ===Sewage sludge=== |
In sewage sludge,on of the most promising start for our process, all the resduals metals concentrate especially after rain events. COncentration have been measured around '''602µg/kg''' for platinum and 722 µg/kg''' for palladium<refhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19878972 Jackson, Prichard and Sampson., 2010</ref>. | In sewage sludge,on of the most promising start for our process, all the resduals metals concentrate especially after rain events. COncentration have been measured around '''602µg/kg''' for platinum and 722 µg/kg''' for palladium<refhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19878972 Jackson, Prichard and Sampson., 2010</ref>. | ||
As produced steadily in great quantities, sewage sludge could be a very good source for our process. | As produced steadily in great quantities, sewage sludge could be a very good source for our process. | ||
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<references> | <references> | ||
| − | =Solutions= | + | ==Solutions== |
| − | ==The Source== | + | ===The Source=== |
The main source is obviously the catalytic converters. As a catalyst platinum is not supposed to leave the converter but during the lifetime of the converter a certain amount is released and is dispersed in environment. | The main source is obviously the catalytic converters. As a catalyst platinum is not supposed to leave the converter but during the lifetime of the converter a certain amount is released and is dispersed in environment. | ||
| − | ==On the soil== | + | ===On the soil=== |
| − | MENTIONNER | + | MENTIONNER L'AIDE APPORTEE PAR M.TRIBOIT |
{{:Team:Aix-Marseille/Template-Footer}} | {{:Team:Aix-Marseille/Template-Footer}} | ||
