Difference between revisions of "Team:Aix-Marseille/Integrated Practices/Environment"
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As platinum and palladium are used as catalic converters the main source of pollution is close the axis of car traffic, i.e. roads and highways. Several studies show differents concentrations as context of measures are always differents and the factors involved in concentration are much complex. | As platinum and palladium are used as catalic converters the main source of pollution is close the axis of car traffic, i.e. roads and highways. Several studies show differents concentrations as context of measures are always differents and the factors involved in concentration are much complex. | ||
| − | The average concentration of platinum and palladium can reach values of '''22.74µg/kg''' for platinum and '''120.8µg/kg''' just near the road. As we can forsee, the concentration is dependent of the distance of the road and indeed values fall to 2.04µg/kg and 84.2µg/kg for platinum and palladium respectiveley is measure are carried out 5 meters aways from the road <ref>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969707006390 Hooda et al., 2007 </ref> | + | The average concentration of platinum and palladium can reach values of '''22.74µg/kg''' for platinum and '''120.8µg/kg''' just near the road. As we can forsee, the concentration is dependent of the distance of the road and indeed values fall to 2.04µg/kg and 84.2µg/kg for platinum and palladium respectiveley is measure are carried out 5 meters aways from the road <ref name="hooda2007">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969707006390 Hooda et al., 2007 </ref> |
Near roads in Germany, with a heavy traffic of about 16,000 car a days and with a speed limit of 80km/h, platinum concentrations have been estmiated around '''50µg/kg'''. C | Near roads in Germany, with a heavy traffic of about 16,000 car a days and with a speed limit of 80km/h, platinum concentrations have been estmiated around '''50µg/kg'''. C | ||
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plants are a biological compartment able to concentrate all type of poàllutant present in the envioronnment. Thus, many studies have bneen carried out to assess the concentration in plants living near pollution source as a highway or a road. | plants are a biological compartment able to concentrate all type of poàllutant present in the envioronnment. Thus, many studies have bneen carried out to assess the concentration in plants living near pollution source as a highway or a road. | ||
| − | Plants thriving near the roads accumulate metals as expected as their concentrations for platinum and palladium respectiveley are in average about '''8.64µg/kg''' and '''10µg/kg''' respectiveley<ref | + | Plants thriving near the roads accumulate metals as expected as their concentrations for platinum and palladium respectiveley are in average about '''8.64µg/kg''' and '''10µg/kg''' respectiveley<ref name="hooda2007"/>. |
| − | Somes species of birch trees are also able to accumulate platinum to a value up to '''1350ng/g''' and ashes from pine trees presents platinum concentration around '''5000ng/g'''<ref>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825214000063?np=y Reith and al., 2014</ref>. | + | Somes species of birch trees are also able to accumulate platinum to a value up to '''1350ng/g''' and ashes from pine trees presents platinum concentration around '''5000ng/g'''<ref name="reith2014">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825214000063?np=y Reith and al., 2014</ref>. |
==Platinum in rivers== | ==Platinum in rivers== | ||
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As rivers collect all stream and watercourses, all the washed pollutant are gathered in rivers, especially after a phenomenom of washing i.e. rain. | As rivers collect all stream and watercourses, all the washed pollutant are gathered in rivers, especially after a phenomenom of washing i.e. rain. | ||
| − | Concentrations found in Rhine river help to realize how concentrations in platinum could increase with the effluents due to the rain washing. Concentration usually found are about 5ng/g but after a rain events (all soils, and surfaces are washed out) this concentration reach a value of '''31.2µg/g''' thus increased a '''thousand''' times <ref | + | Concentrations found in Rhine river help to realize how concentrations in platinum could increase with the effluents due to the rain washing. Concentration usually found are about 5ng/g but after a rain events (all soils, and surfaces are washed out) this concentration reach a value of '''31.2µg/g''' thus increased a '''thousand''' times <ref name="reith2014"/> |
==Platinum in urban area== | ==Platinum in urban area== | ||
