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Sulffur Killer

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South China University of tecnology

GuangZhou,China

1.Overview

Recent researches show that 4S pathway（a four-step enzymatic pathway that converts DBT to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (HBP) and sulfate） has a great significance in biological desulfurization. Mechanisms related to the 4S pathway have been broadly studied. In our project, we tried to study the pathway with mathematical theories and modeling. Based on the model of E.coli lac operon system in which lactose is used as an inducer, we derived the optimal proportions of Dsz-enzymes and the most accurate induced concentration of IPTG. Also, we calculated the best proportion between water and oil in the reactors, which effectively optimizes the system.

We analyzed the major parts of this pathway respectively, such as using Michaelis-Menten equation and substrate inhibition equation to analyze catalytic process of enzymes, as well as using differential equations(ODE) to analyze the concentration variations of different components in the system during the catalysis. We also established relevant models to fit images, building up a three-dimensional sense of understanding.

2. Enzymes’ proportional model in 4S Pathway

The procedure of 4S Pathway:

2.1 Theory Part

As the picture above illustrates, there are totally 4 enzymes participating in the 4S pathway. Through the pathway the C-S bonds in the DBTs are cleaved. After 4 steps of oxidation, the sulfur elements are converted into sulfate or sulfite, thereby dissolving in water and being removed. Meanwhile DBT is oxidized to HBP and remains in the oil phase, without degrading the hydrocarbons, which means the calorific value won’t be reduced. This is the process of 4s pathway biodesulfurization.

However, the lacking in durability of catalytic activity in the 4S pathway has become a major obstacle to BDS. Studies have found that HBP and HBPS in 4S pathway have majot inhibition effect on Dsz enzymes. HBP strongly inhibits the activity of enzyme DszA DszB and DszC; HBPS has certain inhibition effect on enzyme DszC, but only in the early stages in the BDS. The reason is that, when the concentration of HBP increases, the inhibition of HBP will become the major one. And some researchers have found that enzyme DszC is inhibited by HBP and HBPS noncompetitively, and the substrate DBT also has certain inhibition effect on enzyme DszC. Due to the limited high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detector resolution, the mechanisms of how the effects are brought by HBP to DszA, DszB are still unable to be determined.

(1) The determination of kinetic parameters:

2.2 Determination of related parameters

1).The catalytic pathway of DszA，DszB，DszD can be described as enzymatic reaction based on traditional Michaelis kinetic theory. The kinetic data can be fitted by Michaelis equation:

In the equation, v is the catalytic rate of enzymes, kcat is conversion number, [E0] is the concentration of enzymes, [S] is the concentration of substrates, Km is Michaelis constant, and Vmax is the maximum catalytic rate of enzymes.

2)Because DszC is inhibited by substrate DBTs, the Michaellis equation is no longer fit. We could only use substrate inhibition equantion to fit the gained data:

In the equation, KSI is substrate inhibition constant.

Using the fitting statistics of MATLAB, we obtain many kinetic parameters of different Dsz-enzymes.

Table 1: The major kinetic parameters of Dsz-enzymes:

(2) The determination of related parameters in four major inhibition reactions:

1).The determination of IC50：

The degree of inhibition can be reflected by the dosage-reaction; the dosage-reaction describes the influence brought by concentration variations of inhibitor to the activity of enzymes:

In the expression, vi is the catalytic rate of enzyme when concentration of inhibitor is [I], and v0 is that without enzymes，IC50 is the inhibitor’s concentration which makes the enzyme’s activity reduce to 50%, comparing to the original one.

2).The determination of enzyme DszC Ki and α:

The degree of inhibition can be reflected by the dosage-reaction; the dosage-reaction describes the influence brought by concentration variations of inhibitor to the activity of enzymes:

In the equation, Vmax is the maximum catalytic rate of enzymes, [S] is the concentration of enzymes’ substrates, Km is the Michaellis constant of enzymes, [I] is the concentration of inhibitors, KI is the inhibition constant towards enzymes DszC brought by HBP, and shows the influence on enzymes and substrate affinity generated by inhibition or the one on enzymes and inhibition affinity generated by substrates.

Because substrate S has inhibition effect on DszC enzymes, we modify the model into:

In the equation, KSI is substrate inhibition constant.

Taking astringency into consideration, using MATLAB for models and experimental data fitting will be infeasible, so we choose graphical method to obtain K1 and .

First we use double-reciprocal plot to analyze the 1/S changes over 1/v:

①The slope of double-reciprocal plot is a function of [I]：

②The intercept of 1/v –axis in the double-reciprocal plot is a function of [I]：

The intercept of I-axis is -αKI.

Based on models above, the value of KI,αparameters are derived.

Table 2: Conclusion of parameters related to four major inhibition reactions:

3. Determination of associated parameters of biological catalytic activity loss, without considering the effects of HBP.

Cell suspension is cultured in DBT-free liquid medium--30℃, 250rpm, 24h. Sample is detected for biological catalytic activity of BDS over time. The biological catalytic activity of BDS accords with an exponential attenuation, which is shown as below:

Hypothesis:

2.3 Modeling Part

1).Suppose the two intermediates--DBTO2 and HBPS—are only present in cytoplasm.

2).The inhibition to DszA, DszB and DszC of HBP is considered, while the inhibitory effect of HBPS on DszC which is mainly exists in the early stages of BDS is neglected, with the purpose of simplifying our modeling.

3).The DszD’s activity is considered non-inhibited, therefore we took the enzyme out of our modeling.

4).The loss of biological catalytic activity without the effects of HBP is considered.

5).Assume that the concentrations of DBT and HBP stay the same in all the three different phrases as the stirring rate of bioreactors reaches certain degree.

Hypothesis:

1).Because DszA and DszB are both inhibited by HBP, the catalytic rates of these two enzymes fit the models as below respectively:

In the equation, kAcat,kBcat are the conversion coefficients of enzymes A and B respectively, and Km,A,Km,B are the Michaellis constant of enzymes A and B respectively, and IC50,A,IC50,B are the concentrations of inhibitors that lead to a 50% reduction in the enzymes’ activities respectively.

2).Because enzyme DszC is inhibited noncompetitively by HBP, and it is also inhibited by catalytic substrates HBP, the catalytic rate of enzyme DszC is:

In the equation，kCcat is the conversion coefficient of enzyme C ,and Km,C are the Michaelis constant of the enzyme C, respectively, and KI is the inhibition constant of HBPs to DzsC enzymes, shows the influence on enzymes and substrate affinity generated by inhibition or the one on enzymes and inhibition affinity generated by substrates.

3).Estimate the variations of different components in 4S pathway, using differential equations:

2.4 Result Analysis

1).The optimal proportion of DszA, DszB and DszC..

Using MATLAB, we simulate different components’ concentration change with different DszA, DszB and DszC’s concentrations.

Using Matlab2015a, we found that:

when the proportion of three enzymes is A:B:C=1:2:4 or A:B:C=2:1:4, the decreasing rate of DBT is well suited, showing that DBT is well degraded. However, with the proportion of A:B:C=1:4:2 or A:B:C=4:1:2, the effect is not so obvious as the previous one.

In addition, taking HBP into consideration, methods with the proportions A:B:C=1:4:2 and A:B:C=1:2:4 will achieve better results;

However, intermediates are produced with greater amount in the conditions of A:B:C=1:2:4 and A:B:C=2:1:4. Because of the molecular movement effect, the reaction is harder to control.

In conclusions, we decided to multiple the proportion of enzymes, then we have:

The graghs above show that when multiple enzyme B and enzyme C respectively, the productive rate of HBP and the consumption rate of DBT almost stay the same. But regarding the quantity of the intermediate, with more expression of enzyme DszB, the reaction becomes more stable.

We can get a linear inequality equation based on the level of importance of three enzymes: DszB>DszC>DszA.

Under real conditions, we could regulate the intensity of the promoters in order to regulate the enzymes’ proportion.

3. Water-Oil Ratio Model

The process of fermentation is shown as below:

3.1 Theories

Recently, the studies found that the number of DBP and HBP stored in the cytoplasm is determined by the cytoplasm and the distribution coefficient of oil phase and water phase. We managed to derive the best proportion of water and oil in the reactor to optimize our system.

We collected information and listed the distribution coefficient of DBT and HBP in different phrases by searching the literature:

3.2 Related parameters

Distribution coefficient refers to the proportion of the components in two phrases, in the condition of equilibrium and certain temperature.

3.3 Modeling

Hypotheses:

1).The volume percentage of the cell constantly maintains at 3%.

2).The stirring rate is fast enough to approach the chemical equilibrium and materials transfer balance at a fairly quick speed.

Construction:

In order to meet the actual need of making the remaining DBT least while maximizing the product HBP in oil phase, we establish the following models in order to eliminate the remaining DBT in the oil and preserve the HBP as much as possible:

In the initial state, the amount of DBT is a constant:

In the final state, the amount of HBP becomes a constant:

Assume that the volume is 1, then:

Substitute the known quantity into the equation, we get:

Which are equal to:

According to the actual demands, we define:

Which are:

Substitute the known quantity:

We can derive: xH2O≤0.08818349 or xH2O≥0.470590405

Because we can not calculate a result to satisfy both two optimal solutions, we take aonther new evaluation method.

Definition:

M1 represents the level of importance of DBP:

M2 represents the level of importance of HBP:

Because the toxicity of organic solvent has direct impact on the living of bacteria, then:

M is a parameter that has a positive correlation with the optimization of the whole system.

3.4 Result Analysis

Using MATLAB, we can fit the image that indicates the variations of M over xH2O:

When xH2O =88%, M reaches the maximum equal to 2.45481884523198, which is our optimal result.

4. Reference

[1]Andres Abin-Fuentes, Magdy El-Said Mohamed, Daniel I. C. Wang, Kristala L. J. Prather. Explori-ng the Mechanism of Biocatalyst Inhibition in Microbial Desulfurization[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology.2013: p. 7807–7817.

[2]Brian Ingalls. Mathematical Modelling in Systems Biology: An Introduction[M]. University of Waterloo.2012:199-272.

[3]Lei Jinzhi. Systematic Biological Mathematic Basis[M]. Zhou Yuanpei mathematic application center of Tsinghua University. 2007:13-15

5. Index

5.1 Source Code

Enzyme proportional：

enzyme.m

function dy=enzyme(t,y)

%y1=oDBT; y2=wDBT; y1=DBT; y2=DBTO2; y3=HBPS; y4=HBP; y7=wHBP; y8=oHBP;

global kC kA kB KA KB KC ksi ki kd aHBP ICA ICB;

dy=zeros(7,1);

dy(1)=-kC*y(7)*y(1)*exp(-kd*t)/(KC*(1+y(4)/ki)+y(1)*(1+y(4)/(aHBP*ki))+y(1)*y(1)/ksi);

dy(2)=kC*y(7)*y(1)*exp(-kd*t)/(KC*(1+y(4)/ki)+y(1)*(1+y(4)/(aHBP*ki))+y(1)*y(1)/ksi)-kA*y(5)*y(2)*exp(-kd*t)/((KA+y(2))*(1+y(4)/ICA));

dy(3)=kA*y(5)*y(2)*exp(-kd*t)/((KA+y(2))*(1+y(4)/ICA))-kB*y(6)*y(3)*exp(-kd*t)/((KB+y(3))*(1+y(4)/ICB));

dy(4)= kB*y(6)*y(3)*exp(-kd*t)/((KB+y(3))*(1+y(4)/ICB));

dy(5)=0;

dy(6)=0;

dy(7)=0;

progress1.m

global kC kA kB KA KB KC ksi ki kd aHBP ICA ICB Kawc Kaoc Kaow PWCD POCD POWD PWCH POCH POWH fc fw fo;

fo=0.1; fw=0.87; fc=0.03; PWCD=1; POWD=21000;

POCD=21000; PWCH=7; POCH=4.1; POWH=29; kA=11; kB=1.7; kC=1.6; KA=3.6;

KB=1.3; KC=1.4; ksi=1.8; ICA=60; ICB=110; aHBP=0.4; ki=40; kd=0.00055;

Kawc=1; Kaoc=1; Kaow=1;

y0=zeros(7,1);y0(1,1)=1;y0(5,1)=1;y0(6,1)=2;y0(7,1)=4;

y1=zeros(7,1);y1(1,1)=1;y1(5,1)=1;y1(6,1)=4y1(7,1)=2;

y2=zeros(7,1);y2(1,1)=1;y2(5,1)=4;y2(6,1)=1;y2(7,1)=2;

y3=zeros(7,1);y3(1,1)=1;y3(5,1)=2;y3(6,1)=1;y3(7,1)=4;

y4=zeros(7,1);y4(1,1)=1;y4(5,1)=2;y4(6,1)=4;y4(7,1)=1;

y5=zeros(7,1);y5(1,1)=1;y5(5,1)=4;y5(6,1)=2;y5(7,1)=1;

e=linspace(0,7,100);

[x0,z0]=ode45('enzyme',e,y0);

[x1,z1]=ode45('enzyme',e,y1);

[x2,z2]=ode45('enzyme',e,y2);

[x3,z3]=ode45('enzyme',e,y3);

[x4,z4]=ode45('enzyme',e,y4);

[x5,z5]=ode45('enzyme',e,y5);

subplot(321), plot(x0,z0(:,1),'x',x1,z1(:,1),x2,z2(:,1),'v',x3,z3(:,1),x4,z4(:,1),'diamond',x5,z5(:,1));

legend('A:B:C=1:2:4','A:B:C=1:4:2','A:B:C=4:1:2','A:B:C=2:1:4','A:B:C=2:4:1','A:B:C=4:2:1');

title('DBT');

xlabel('time');

ylabel('concentration');

axis([0,7,0,1])

subplot(312), plot(x0,z0(:,2)+z0(:,3),x1,z1(:,2)+z1(:,3),x2,z2(:,2)+z2(:,3),x3,z3(:,2)+z3(:,3),x4,z4(:,2)+z4(:,3),x5,z5(:,2)+z5(:,3));

title('inter production');

ylabel('concentration');

axis([0,7,0,1])

subplot(313), plot(x0,z0(:,4),x1,z1(:,4),x2,z2(:,4),x3,z3(:,4),x4,z4(:,4),x5,z5(:,4));

title('HBP');

xlabel('time');

ylabel('concentration');

axis([0,7,0,1]) end

progress2.m

global kC kA kB KA KB KC ksi ki kd aHBP ICA ICB Kawc Kaoc Kaow PWCD POCD POWD PWCH POCH POWH fc fw fo;

fo=0.1; fw=0.87; fc=0.03; PWCD=1; POWD=21000;

POCD=21000; PWCH=7; POCH=4.1; POWH=29; kA=11; kB=1.7; kC=1.6; KA=3.6;

KB=1.3; KC=1.4; ksi=1.8; ICA=60; ICB=110; aHBP=0.4; ki=40; kd=0.00055;

Kawc=1; Kaoc=1; Kaow=1;

y0=zeros(7,1);y0(1,1)=1;y0(5,1)=1;y0(6,1)=10;y0(7,1)=100;

y1=zeros(7,1);y1(1,1)=1;y1(5,1)=1;y1(6,1)=100;y1(7,1)=10;

y2=zeros(7,1);y2(1,1)=1;y2(5,1)=100;y2(6,1)=1;y2(7,1)=10;

y3=zeros(7,1);y3(1,1)=1;y3(5,1)=10;y3(6,1)=1;y3(7,1)=100;

y4=zeros(7,1);y4(1,1)=1;y4(5,1)=10;y4(6,1)=100;y4(7,1)=1;

y5=zeros(7,1);y5(1,1)=1;y5(5,1)=100;y5(6,1)=10;y5(7,1)=1;

e=linspace(0,7,100);

[x0,z0]=ode45('enzyme',e,y0);

[x1,z1]=ode45('enzyme',e,y1);

[x2,z2]=ode45('enzyme',e,y2);

[x3,z3]=ode45('enzyme',e,y3);

[x4,z4]=ode45('enzyme',e,y4);

[x5,z5]=ode45('enzyme',e,y5);

subplot(321), plot(x0,z0(:,1),'x',x1,z1(:,1),x2,z2(:,1),'v',x3,z3(:,1),x4,z4(:,1),'diamond',x5,z5(:,1));

legend('A:B:C=1:10:100','A:B:C=1:100:10','A:B:C=100:1:10','A:B:C=10:1:100','A:B:C=10:100:1','A:B:C=100:10:1');

title('DBT');

axis([0,7,0,1])

xlabel('time');

ylabel('concentration');

subplot(312), plot(x0,z0(:,2)+z0(:,3),x1,z1(:,2)+z1(:,3),x2,z2(:,2)+z2(:,3),x3,z3(:,2)+z3(:,3),x4,z4(:,2)+z4(:,3),x5,z5(:,2)+z5(:,3));

title('inter production');

axis([0,7,0,1])

subplot(313), plot(x0,z0(:,4),x1,z1(:,4),x2,z2(:,4),x3,z3(:,4),x4,z4(:,4),x5,z5(:,4));

title('HBP');

axis([0,7,0,1]);

xlabel('time');

ylabel('concentration');

end;

Oil-Water ratio：

t=0:0.01:0.97;

KD2=21000;

KD3=21000;

KH2=29;

KH3=4.1;

XC=0.03; %XC is x(cell)

y=1./(1-t).*(t/KD3+XC/KD2+1-t-XC)./(t/KH3+XC/KH2+1-t-XC);

plot(t,y);

end;

Not for yet.

5.2 Related Experiments

Mathemetical Modeling

1. Overview

2. Enzymes Proportion Model in 4S Pathway

2.1 Theory Part

2.2 Determination of Related Parameters

2.3 Modeling

2.4 Result Analysis

3. The Water-oil Proportion Model

3.1 Theories

3.2 Related Parameters

3.3 Modeling

3.4 Result Analysis

4. References

5. Index

5.1 Source Code

5.2 Related Experiments

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+    </script>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <div id="base" class="">
+      <!-- Unnamed (导航栏) -->
+      <!-- Unnamed (组合) -->
+      <div id="u1456" class="ax_default">
+        <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+        <div id="u1457" class="ax_default box_1">
+          <div id="u1457_div" class=""></div>
+          <!-- Unnamed () -->
+          <div id="u1458" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+            <p><span>Home</span></p>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <!-- project (组合) -->
+        <div id="u1459" class="ax_default" data-label="project">
+          <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+          <div id="u1460" class="ax_default box_1">
+            <div id="u1460_div" class=""></div>
+            <!-- Unnamed () -->
+            <div id="u1461" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+              <p><span>Project</span></p>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <!-- Project (动态面板) -->
+          <div id="u1462" class="ax_default ax_default_hidden" data-label="Project" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
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+              <div id="u1462_state0_content" class="panel_state_content">
-<div class="column full_size">
+                <!-- Design&Result (矩形) -->
-<h2> Modeling</h2>
+                <div id="u1463" class="ax_default box_1 ax_default_hidden" data-label="Design&amp;Result" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
-<p>Mathematical models and computer simulations provide a great way to describe the function and operation of BioBrick Parts and Devices. Synthetic Biology is an engineering discipline, and part of engineering is simulation and modeling to determine the behavior of your design before you build it. Designing and simulating can be iterated many times in a computer before moving to the lab. This award is for teams who build a model of their system and use it to inform system design or simulate expected behavior in conjunction with experiments in the wetlab.</p>
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+                  <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                  <div id="u1464" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                    <p><span>Design&amp;Result</span></p>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+                <!-- 4S-Pathway (矩形) -->
+                <div id="u1465" class="ax_default box_1 ax_default_hidden" data-label="4S-Pathway" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
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+                  <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                  <div id="u1466" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                    <p><span>4S-Pathway</span></p>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
-<h5> Inspiration </h5>
+                <!-- Background (矩形) -->
-<p>
+                <div id="u1467" class="ax_default box_1 ax_default_hidden" data-label="Background" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
-Here are a few examples from previous teams:
+                  <div id="u1467_div" class=""></div>
-</p>
+                  <!-- Unnamed () -->
-<ul>
+                  <div id="u1468" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
-<li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:ETH_Zurich/modeling/overview">ETH Zurich 2014</a></li>
+                    <p><span>Background</span></p>
-<li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:Waterloo/Math_Book">Waterloo 2014</a></li>
+                  </div>
-</ul>
+                </div>
+                <!-- Overview (矩形) -->
+                <div id="u1469" class="ax_default box_1 ax_default_hidden" data-label="Overview" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+                  <div id="u1469_div" class=""></div>
+                  <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                  <div id="u1470" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                    <p><span>Overview</span></p>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
-</div>
+        <!-- modeling (组合) -->
+        <div id="u1471" class="ax_default" data-label="modeling">
+          <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+          <div id="u1472" class="ax_default box_1">
+            <div id="u1472_div" class=""></div>
+            <!-- Unnamed () -->
+            <div id="u1473" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+              <p><span>Modeling</span></p>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <!-- Modeling (动态面板) -->
+          <div id="u1474" class="ax_default ax_default_hidden" data-label="Modeling" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+            <div id="u1474_state0" class="panel_state" data-label="State1">
+              <div id="u1474_state0_content" class="panel_state_content">
+                <!-- Water-oil ratio (矩形) -->
+                <div id="u1475" class="ax_default box_1 ax_default_hidden" data-label="Water-oil ratio" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+                  <div id="u1475_div" class=""></div>
+                  <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                  <div id="u1476" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                    <p><span>Water-oil ratio</span></p>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+                <!-- Enzymes ratio (矩形) -->
+                <div id="u1477" class="ax_default box_1 ax_default_hidden" data-label="Enzymes ratio" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+                  <div id="u1477_div" class=""></div>
+                  <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                  <div id="u1478" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                    <p><span>Enzymes ratio</span></p>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+                <!-- Overview (矩形) -->
+                <div id="u1479" class="ax_default box_1 ax_default_hidden" data-label="Overview" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+                  <div id="u1479_div" class=""></div>
+                  <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                  <div id="u1480" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                    <p><span>Overview</span></p>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <!-- human practice (组合) -->
+        <div id="u1481" class="ax_default" data-label="human practice">
+          <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+          <div id="u1482" class="ax_default box_1">
+            <div id="u1482_div" class=""></div>
+            <!-- Unnamed () -->
+            <div id="u1483" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+              <p><span>Human Practice</span></p>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <!-- Human Practice (动态面板) -->
+          <div id="u1484" class="ax_default ax_default_hidden" data-label="Human Practice" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+            <div id="u1484_state0" class="panel_state" data-label="State1">
+              <div id="u1484_state0_content" class="panel_state_content">
+                <!-- safety&Policy (矩形) -->
+                <div id="u1485" class="ax_default box_1 ax_default_hidden" data-label="safety&amp;Policy" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+                  <div id="u1485_div" class=""></div>
+                  <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                  <div id="u1486" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                    <p><span>safety&amp;Policy</span></p>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+                <!-- applied design (矩形) -->
+                <div id="u1487" class="ax_default box_1 ax_default_hidden" data-label="applied design" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+                  <div id="u1487_div" class=""></div>
+                  <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                  <div id="u1488" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                    <p><span>applied design</span></p>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+                <!-- Economic Benefit (矩形) -->
+                <div id="u1489" class="ax_default box_1 ax_default_hidden" data-label="Economic Benefit" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+                  <div id="u1489_div" class=""></div>
+                  <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                  <div id="u1490" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                    <p><span>Economic Benefit</span></p>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+                <!-- communication (矩形) -->
+                <div id="u1491" class="ax_default box_1 ax_default_hidden" data-label="communication" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+                  <div id="u1491_div" class=""></div>
+                  <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                  <div id="u1492" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                    <p><span>communication</span></p>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+                <!-- Preinvestigations (矩形) -->
+                <div id="u1493" class="ax_default box_1 ax_default_hidden" data-label="Preinvestigations" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+                  <div id="u1493_div" class=""></div>
+                  <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                  <div id="u1494" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                    <p><span>Preinvestigations</span></p>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <!-- achievement (组合) -->
+        <div id="u1495" class="ax_default" data-label="achievement">
+          <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+          <div id="u1496" class="ax_default box_1">
+            <div id="u1496_div" class=""></div>
+            <!-- Unnamed () -->
+            <div id="u1497" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+              <p><span>Achievement</span></p>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <!-- Achievement (动态面板) -->
+          <div id="u1498" class="ax_default ax_default_hidden" data-label="Achievement" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+            <div id="u1498_state0" class="panel_state" data-label="State1">
+              <div id="u1498_state0_content" class="panel_state_content">
+                <!-- Collaboration (矩形) -->
+                <div id="u1499" class="ax_default box_1 ax_default_hidden" data-label="Collaboration" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+                  <div id="u1499_div" class=""></div>
+                  <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                  <div id="u1500" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                    <p><span>Collaboration</span></p>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+                <!-- Parts (矩形) -->
+                <div id="u1501" class="ax_default box_1 ax_default_hidden" data-label="Parts" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+                  <div id="u1501_div" class=""></div>
+                  <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                  <div id="u1502" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                    <p><span>Parts</span></p>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+                <!-- Attribution (矩形) -->
+                <div id="u1503" class="ax_default box_1 ax_default_hidden" data-label="Attribution" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+                  <div id="u1503_div" class=""></div>
+                  <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                  <div id="u1504" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                    <p><span>Attribution</span></p>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+                <!-- Judging Criteria (矩形) -->
+                <div id="u1505" class="ax_default box_1 ax_default_hidden" data-label="Judging Criteria" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+                  <div id="u1505_div" class=""></div>
+                  <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                  <div id="u1506" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                    <p><span>Judging Criteria</span></p>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <!-- lab (组合) -->
+        <div id="u1507" class="ax_default" data-label="lab">
+          <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+          <div id="u1508" class="ax_default box_1">
+            <div id="u1508_div" class=""></div>
+            <!-- Unnamed () -->
+            <div id="u1509" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+              <p><span>Lab</span></p>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <!-- Lab (动态面板) -->
+          <div id="u1510" class="ax_default ax_default_hidden" data-label="Lab" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+            <div id="u1510_state0" class="panel_state" data-label="State1">
+              <div id="u1510_state0_content" class="panel_state_content">
+                <!-- Notebook (矩形) -->
+                <div id="u1511" class="ax_default box_1 ax_default_hidden" data-label="Notebook" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+                  <div id="u1511_div" class=""></div>
+                  <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                  <div id="u1512" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                    <p><span>Notebook</span></p>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+                <!-- Protocols (矩形) -->
+                <div id="u1513" class="ax_default box_1 ax_default_hidden" data-label="Protocols" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+                  <div id="u1513_div" class=""></div>
+                  <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                  <div id="u1514" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                    <p><span>Protocols</span></p>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+                <!-- Safety (矩形) -->
+                <div id="u1515" class="ax_default box_1 ax_default_hidden" data-label="Safety" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+                  <div id="u1515_div" class=""></div>
+                  <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                  <div id="u1516" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                    <p><span>Safety</span></p>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+                <!-- Team Members (矩形) -->
+                <div id="u1517" class="ax_default box_1 ax_default_hidden" data-label="Team Members" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+                  <div id="u1517_div" class=""></div>
+                  <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                  <div id="u1518" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                    <p><span>Team Members</span></p>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+        <div id="u1519" class="ax_default _图片">
+          <img id="u1519_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/5/53/T--SCUT-China_A--u100.png"/>
+          <!-- Unnamed () -->
+          <div id="u1520" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+            <p><span></span></p>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+        <div id="u1521" class="ax_default box_1">
+          <div id="u1521_div" class=""></div>
+          <!-- Unnamed () -->
+          <div id="u1522" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+            <p><span></span></p>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (footer) -->
+      <!-- Unnamed (组合) -->
+      <div id="u1524" class="ax_default">
+        <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+        <div id="u1525" class="ax_default _图片">
+          <img id="u1525_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/4/4e/T--SCUT-China_A--u296.png"/>
+          <!-- Unnamed () -->
+          <div id="u1526" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+            <p><span></span></p>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <!-- Unnamed (形状) -->
+        <div id="u1527" class="ax_default icon">
+          <img id="u1527_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/1/1b/T--SCUT-China_A--u298.png"/>
+          <!-- Unnamed () -->
+          <div id="u1528" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+            <p><span></span></p>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <!-- Unnamed (形状) -->
+        <div id="u1529" class="ax_default icon">
+          <img id="u1529_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/1/16/T--SCUT-China_A--u300.png"/>
+          <!-- Unnamed () -->
+          <div id="u1530" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+            <p><span></span></p>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <!-- Unnamed (形状) -->
+        <div id="u1531" class="ax_default icon">
+          <img id="u1531_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/3/3f/T--SCUT-China_A--u302.png"/>
+          <!-- Unnamed () -->
+          <div id="u1532" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+            <p><span></span></p>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+        <div id="u1533" class="ax_default label">
+          <div id="u1533_div" class=""></div>
+          <!-- Unnamed () -->
+          <div id="u1534" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+            <p><span>Share to:</span></p>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <!-- Unnamed (水平线) -->
+        <div id="u1535" class="ax_default line">
+          <img id="u1535_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/5/50/T--SCUT-China_A--u306.png"/>
+          <!-- Unnamed () -->
+          <div id="u1536" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+            <p><span></span></p>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+        <div id="u1537" class="ax_default label">
+          <div id="u1537_div" class=""></div>
+          <!-- Unnamed () -->
+          <div id="u1538" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+            <p style="font-size:36px;"><span style="font-family:'Comic Sans MS Normal', 'Comic Sans MS';font-weight:400;">Sulffur Killer</span><span style="font-family:'Comic Sans MS Negreta', 'Comic Sans MS Normal', 'Comic Sans MS';font-weight:700;font-size:28px;"></span></p><p style="font-size:28px;"><span style="font-family:'Comic Sans MS Negreta', 'Comic Sans MS Normal', 'Comic Sans MS';font-weight:700;">wiki group suport</span><span style="font-family:'Arial Normal', 'Arial';font-weight:400;"> </span></p>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+        <div id="u1539" class="ax_default label">
+          <div id="u1539_div" class=""></div>
+          <!-- Unnamed () -->
+          <div id="u1540" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+            <p><span>South China University of tecnology</span></p><p><span>GuangZhou,China</span></p>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <!-- Unnamed (形状) -->
+        <div id="u1541" class="ax_default icon">
+          <img id="u1541_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/a/ad/T--SCUT-China_A--u312.png"/>
+          <!-- Unnamed () -->
+          <div id="u1542" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+            <p><span></span></p>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- overview (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1543" class="ax_default _标题_1" data-label="overview">
+        <div id="u1543_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1544" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>1.Overview</span></p><p><span><br></span></p><p><span><br></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1545" class="ax_default _正文">
+        <div id="u1545_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1546" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>Recent researches show that 4S pathway（a four-step enzymatic pathway that converts DBT to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (HBP) and sulfate） has a great significance in biological desulfurization. Mechanisms related to the 4S pathway have been broadly studied. In our project, we tried to study the pathway with mathematical theories and modeling. Based on the model of E.coli lac operon system in which lactose is used as an inducer, we derived the optimal proportions of Dsz-enzymes and the most accurate induced concentration of IPTG. Also, we calculated the best proportion between water and oil in the reactors, which effectively optimizes the system.</span></p><p><span><br></span></p><p><span>We analyzed the major parts of this pathway respectively, such as using Michaelis-Menten equation and substrate inhibition equation to analyze catalytic process of enzymes, as well as using differential equations(ODE) to analyze the concentration variations of different components in the system during the catalysis. We also established relevant models to fit images, building up a three-dimensional sense of understanding.</span></p><p><span><br></span></p><p><span><br></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- 2.  Enzymes Proportion Model in 4S Pathway (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1547" class="ax_default _文本段落" data-label="2.&nbsp; Enzymes Proportion Model in 4S Pathway">
+        <div id="u1547_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1548" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>2. Enzymes’ proportional model in 4S Pathway</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1549" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1549_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1550" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>The procedure of 4S Pathway:</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- 2.1 Theory Part (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1551" class="ax_default _标题_2" data-label="2.1 Theory Part">
+        <div id="u1551_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1552" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>2.1 Theory Part</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1553" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1553_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/7/7b/T--SCUT-China_A--u1553.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1554" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1555" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1555_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1556" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>As the picture above illustrates, there are totally 4 enzymes participating in the 4S pathway. Through the pathway the C-S bonds in the DBTs are cleaved. After 4 steps of oxidation, the sulfur elements are converted into sulfate or sulfite, thereby dissolving in water and being removed. Meanwhile DBT is oxidized to HBP and remains in the oil phase, without degrading the hydrocarbons, which means the calorific value won’t be reduced. This is the process of 4s pathway biodesulfurization.</span></p><p><span><br></span></p><p><span>However, the lacking in durability of catalytic activity in the 4S pathway has become a major obstacle to BDS. Studies have found that HBP and HBPS in 4S pathway have majot inhibition effect on Dsz enzymes. HBP strongly inhibits the activity of enzyme DszA DszB and DszC; HBPS has certain inhibition effect on enzyme DszC, but only in the early stages in the BDS. The reason is that, when the concentration of HBP increases, the inhibition of HBP will become the major one. And some researchers have found that enzyme DszC is inhibited by HBP and HBPS noncompetitively, and the substrate DBT also has certain inhibition effect on enzyme DszC. Due to the limited high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detector resolution, the mechanisms of how the effects are brought by HBP to DszA, DszB are still unable to be determined.</span></p><p><span><br></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1557" class="ax_default _标题_3">
+        <div id="u1557_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1558" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>(1) The determination of kinetic parameters:</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- 2.2 Determination of related parameters (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1559" class="ax_default label" data-label="2.2 Determination of related parameters">
+        <div id="u1559_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1560" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>2.2 Determination of related parameters</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1561" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1561_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1562" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>1).The catalytic pathway of DszA，DszB，DszD can be described as enzymatic reaction based on traditional Michaelis kinetic theory. The kinetic data can be fitted by Michaelis equation: </span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1563" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1563_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1564" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>In the equation, v is the catalytic rate of enzymes, kcat is conversion number, [E0] is the concentration of enzymes, [S] is the concentration of substrates, Km is Michaelis constant, and Vmax is the maximum catalytic rate of enzymes.</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1565" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1565_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1566" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>2)Because DszC is inhibited by substrate DBTs, the Michaellis equation is no longer fit. We could only use substrate inhibition equantion to fit the gained data:</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1567" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1567_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1568" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>In the equation, KSI is substrate inhibition constant.</span></p><p><span>Using the fitting statistics of MATLAB, we obtain many kinetic parameters of different Dsz-enzymes.</span></p><p><span><br></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1569" class="ax_default table">
+        <div id="u1569_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1570" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>Table 1: The major kinetic parameters of Dsz-enzymes:</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1571" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1571_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1572" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>(2) The determination of related parameters in four major inhibition reactions:</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1573" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1573_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1574" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>1).The determination of IC50：</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1575" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1575_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1576" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>The degree of inhibition can be reflected by the dosage-reaction; the dosage-reaction describes the influence brought by concentration variations of inhibitor to the activity of enzymes: </span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1577" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1577_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1578" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>In the expression, vi is the catalytic rate of enzyme when concentration of inhibitor is [I], and v0 is that without enzymes，IC50 is the inhibitor’s concentration which makes the enzyme’s activity reduce to 50%, comparing to the original one.</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1579" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1579_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1580" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>2).The determination of enzyme DszC Ki and α:</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1581" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1581_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1582" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>The degree of inhibition can be reflected by the dosage-reaction; the dosage-reaction describes the influence brought by concentration variations of inhibitor to the activity of enzymes: </span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1583" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1583_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1584" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>In the equation, Vmax is the maximum catalytic rate of enzymes, [S] is the concentration of enzymes’ substrates, Km is the Michaellis constant of enzymes, [I] is the concentration of inhibitors, KI is the inhibition constant towards enzymes DszC brought by HBP, and&nbsp;&nbsp; shows the influence on enzymes and substrate affinity generated by inhibition or the one on enzymes and inhibition affinity generated by substrates. </span></p><p><span>Because substrate S has inhibition effect on DszC enzymes, we modify the model into:</span></p><p><span><br></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1585" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1585_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1586" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>In the equation, KSI is substrate inhibition constant.</span></p><p><span>Taking astringency into consideration, using MATLAB for models and experimental data fitting will be infeasible, so we choose graphical method to obtain K1 and&nbsp; .</span></p><p><span>First we use double-reciprocal plot to analyze the 1/S changes over 1/v:</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1587" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1587_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1588" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>①The slope of double-reciprocal plot is a function of [I]：</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1589" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1589_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1590" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>②The intercept of 1/v –axis in the double-reciprocal plot is a function of [I]：</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1591" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1591_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1592" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>The intercept of I-axis is -αKI.</span></p><p><span>Based on models above, the value of KI,αparameters are derived.</span></p><p><span><br></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1593" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1593_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1594" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>Table 2: Conclusion of parameters related to four major inhibition reactions:</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1595" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1595_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1596" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>3.	Determination of associated parameters of biological catalytic activity loss, without considering the effects of HBP.</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1597" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1597_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1598" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>Cell suspension is cultured in DBT-free liquid medium--30℃, 250rpm, 24h. Sample is detected for biological catalytic activity of BDS over time. The biological catalytic activity of BDS accords with an exponential attenuation, which is shown as below:</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1599" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1599_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1600" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>Hypothesis:</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- 2.3 Modeling Part (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1601" class="ax_default label" data-label="2.3 Modeling Part">
+        <div id="u1601_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1602" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>2.3 Modeling Part</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1603" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1603_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1604" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>1).Suppose the two intermediates--DBTO2 and HBPS—are only present in cytoplasm.</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1605" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1605_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1606" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>2).The inhibition to DszA, DszB and DszC of HBP is considered, while the inhibitory effect of HBPS on DszC which is mainly exists in the early stages of BDS is neglected, with the purpose of simplifying our modeling.</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1607" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1607_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1608" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>3).The DszD’s activity is considered non-inhibited, therefore we took the enzyme out of our modeling.</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1609" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1609_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1610" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>4).The loss of biological catalytic activity without the effects of HBP is considered.</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1611" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1611_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1612" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>5).Assume that the concentrations of DBT and HBP stay the same in all the three different phrases as the stirring rate of bioreactors reaches certain degree.</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1613" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1613_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1614" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>Hypothesis:</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1615" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1615_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1616" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>1).Because DszA and DszB are both inhibited by HBP, the catalytic rates of these two enzymes fit the models as below respectively: </span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1617" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1617_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1618" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>In the equation, kAcat,kBcat are the conversion coefficients of enzymes A and B respectively, and Km,A,Km,B are the Michaellis constant of enzymes A and B respectively, and IC50,A,IC50,B are the concentrations of inhibitors that lead to a 50% reduction in the enzymes’ activities respectively.</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1619" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1619_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1620" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>2).Because enzyme DszC is inhibited noncompetitively by HBP, and it is also inhibited by catalytic substrates HBP, the catalytic rate of enzyme DszC is: </span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1621" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1621_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1622" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>In the equation，kCcat is the conversion coefficient of enzyme C ,and Km,C are the Michaelis constant of the enzyme C, respectively, and KI is the inhibition constant of HBPs to DzsC enzymes,&nbsp; shows the influence on enzymes and substrate affinity generated by inhibition or the one on enzymes and inhibition affinity generated by substrates. </span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1623" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1623_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1624" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>3).Estimate the variations of different components in 4S pathway, using differential equations:</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- 2.4 Result Analysis (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1625" class="ax_default label" data-label="2.4 Result Analysis">
+        <div id="u1625_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1626" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>2.4 Result Analysis</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1627" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1627_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1628" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>1).The optimal proportion of DszA, DszB and DszC..</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1629" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1629_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1630" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>Using MATLAB, we simulate different components’ concentration change with different DszA, DszB and DszC’s concentrations.</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1631" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1631_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/f/fe/T--SCUT-China_A--u1631.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1632" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1633" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1633_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1634" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>Using Matlab2015a, we found that:</span></p><p><span>when the proportion of three enzymes is A:B:C=1:2:4 or A:B:C=2:1:4, the decreasing rate of DBT is well suited, showing that DBT is well degraded. However, with the proportion of A:B:C=1:4:2 or A:B:C=4:1:2, the effect is not so obvious as the previous one.</span></p><p><span>In addition, taking HBP into consideration, methods with the proportions A:B:C=1:4:2 and A:B:C=1:2:4 will achieve better results;</span></p><p><span>However, intermediates are produced with greater amount in the conditions of A:B:C=1:2:4 and A:B:C=2:1:4. Because of the molecular movement effect, the reaction is harder to control.</span></p><p><span>In conclusions, we decided to multiple the proportion of enzymes, then we have: </span></p><p><span><br></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1635" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1635_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/e/e4/T--SCUT-China_A--u1635.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1636" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1637" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1637_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1638" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>The graghs above show that when multiple enzyme B and enzyme C respectively, the productive rate of HBP and the consumption rate of DBT almost stay the same. But regarding the quantity of the intermediate, with more expression of enzyme DszB, the reaction becomes more stable.</span></p><p><span>We can get a linear inequality equation based on the level of importance of three enzymes: DszB&gt;DszC&gt;DszA.</span></p><p><span>Under real conditions, we could regulate the intensity of the promoters in order to regulate the enzymes’ proportion.</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- 3. Water-Oil Ratio Model (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1639" class="ax_default _文本段落" data-label="3. Water-Oil Ratio Model">
+        <div id="u1639_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1640" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>3. Water-Oil Ratio Model</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1641" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1641_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1642" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>The process of fermentation is shown as below:</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- 3.1 Theories (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1643" class="ax_default label" data-label="3.1 Theories">
+        <div id="u1643_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1644" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>3.1 Theories</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1645" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1645_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1646" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>Recently, the studies found that the number of DBP and HBP stored in the cytoplasm is determined by the cytoplasm and the distribution coefficient of oil phase and water phase. We managed to derive the best proportion of water and oil in the reactor to optimize our system.</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1647" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1647_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1648" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>We collected information and listed the distribution coefficient of DBT and HBP in different phrases by searching the literature:</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- 3.2 Related parameters (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1649" class="ax_default label" data-label="3.2 Related parameters">
+        <div id="u1649_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1650" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>3.2 Related parameters</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1651" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1651_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/e/e1/T--SCUT-China_A--u1651.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1652" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1653" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1653_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1654" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>Distribution coefficient refers to the proportion of the components in two phrases, in the condition of equilibrium and certain temperature.</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- 3.3 Modeling (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1655" class="ax_default label" data-label="3.3 Modeling">
+        <div id="u1655_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1656" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>3.3 Modeling</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1657" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1657_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1658" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>Hypotheses:</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1659" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1659_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1660" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>1).The volume percentage of the cell constantly maintains at 3%.</span></p><p><span><br></span></p><p><span><br></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1661" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1661_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1662" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>2).The stirring rate is fast enough to approach the chemical equilibrium and materials transfer balance at a fairly quick speed.</span></p><p><span><br></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1663" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1663_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1664" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>Construction:</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1665" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1665_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1666" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>In order to meet the actual need of making the remaining DBT least while maximizing the product HBP in oil phase, we establish the following models in order to eliminate the remaining DBT in the oil and preserve the HBP as much as possible:</span></p><p><span>In the initial state, the amount of DBT is a constant:</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1667" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1667_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1668" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>In the final state, the amount of HBP becomes a constant:</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1669" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1669_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1670" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>Assume that the volume is 1, then: </span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1671" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1671_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1672" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>Substitute the known quantity into the equation, we get:</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1673" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1673_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1674" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>Which are equal to:</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1675" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1675_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1676" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>According to the actual demands, we define: </span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1677" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1677_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1678" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>Which are:</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1679" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1679_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1680" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>Substitute the known quantity:</span></p><p><span>We can derive: xH2O≤0.08818349 or xH2O≥0.470590405</span></p><p><span>Because we can not calculate a result to satisfy both two optimal solutions, we take aonther new evaluation method.</span></p><p><span><br></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1681" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1681_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1682" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>Definition:</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1683" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1683_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1684" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>M1 represents the level of importance of DBP:&nbsp; </span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1685" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1685_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1686" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>M2 represents the level of importance of HBP:&nbsp; </span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1687" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1687_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1688" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>Because the toxicity of organic solvent has direct impact on the living of bacteria, then:</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1689" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1689_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1690" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>M is a parameter that has a positive correlation with the optimization of the whole system. </span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- 3.4 Result Analysis (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1691" class="ax_default label" data-label="3.4 Result Analysis">
+        <div id="u1691_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1692" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>3.4 Result Analysis</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1693" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1693_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1694" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>Using MATLAB, we can fit the image that indicates the variations of M over xH2O: </span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1695" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1695_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1696" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>When xH2O =88%, M reaches the maximum equal to 2.45481884523198, which is our optimal result.</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- 4. Reference (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1697" class="ax_default _文本段落" data-label="4. Reference">
+        <div id="u1697_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1698" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>4. Reference</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1699" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1699_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1700" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>[1]Andres Abin-Fuentes, Magdy El-Said Mohamed, Daniel I. C. Wang, Kristala L. J. Prather. Explori-ng the Mechanism of Biocatalyst Inhibition in Microbial Desulfurization[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology.2013: p. 7807–7817.</span></p><p><span>[2]Brian Ingalls. Mathematical Modelling in Systems Biology: An Introduction[M]. University of Waterloo.2012:199-272.</span></p><p><span>[3]Lei Jinzhi. Systematic Biological Mathematic Basis[M]. Zhou Yuanpei mathematic application center of Tsinghua University. 2007:13-15</span></p><p><span><br></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- 5. Index (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1701" class="ax_default _文本段落" data-label="5. Index">
+        <div id="u1701_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1702" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>5. Index</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- 5.1 Source Code (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1703" class="ax_default label" data-label="5.1 Source Code">
+        <div id="u1703_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1704" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>5.1 Source Code</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1705" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1705_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1706" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>Enzyme proportional：</span></p><p><span>enzyme.m</span></p><p><span>function dy=enzyme(t,y)</span></p><p><span><br></span></p><p><span>%y1=oDBT; y2=wDBT; y1=DBT; y2=DBTO2; y3=HBPS; y4=HBP; y7=wHBP; y8=oHBP;</span></p><p><span><br></span></p><p><span>global kC kA kB KA KB KC ksi ki kd aHBP ICA ICB;</span></p><p><span><br></span></p><p><span>dy=zeros(7,1);</span></p><p><span><br></span></p><p><span>dy(1)=-kC*y(7)*y(1)*exp(-kd*t)/(KC*(1+y(4)/ki)+y(1)*(1+y(4)/(aHBP*ki))+y(1)*y(1)/ksi);</span></p><p><span>dy(2)=kC*y(7)*y(1)*exp(-kd*t)/(KC*(1+y(4)/ki)+y(1)*(1+y(4)/(aHBP*ki))+y(1)*y(1)/ksi)-kA*y(5)*y(2)*exp(-kd*t)/((KA+y(2))*(1+y(4)/ICA));</span></p><p><span>dy(3)=kA*y(5)*y(2)*exp(-kd*t)/((KA+y(2))*(1+y(4)/ICA))-kB*y(6)*y(3)*exp(-kd*t)/((KB+y(3))*(1+y(4)/ICB));</span></p><p><span>dy(4)= kB*y(6)*y(3)*exp(-kd*t)/((KB+y(3))*(1+y(4)/ICB));</span></p><p><span>dy(5)=0;</span></p><p><span>dy(6)=0;</span></p><p><span>dy(7)=0;</span></p><p><span><br></span></p><p><span>progress1.m</span></p><p><span>global kC kA kB KA KB KC ksi ki kd aHBP ICA ICB Kawc Kaoc Kaow PWCD POCD POWD PWCH POCH POWH fc fw fo;</span></p><p><span><br></span></p><p><span>fo=0.1; fw=0.87; fc=0.03; PWCD=1; POWD=21000;</span></p><p><span>POCD=21000; PWCH=7; POCH=4.1; POWH=29; kA=11; kB=1.7; kC=1.6; KA=3.6;</span></p><p><span>KB=1.3; KC=1.4; ksi=1.8; ICA=60; ICB=110; aHBP=0.4; ki=40; kd=0.00055;</span></p><p><span>Kawc=1; Kaoc=1; Kaow=1;</span></p><p><span><br></span></p><p><span>y0=zeros(7,1);y0(1,1)=1;y0(5,1)=1;y0(6,1)=2;y0(7,1)=4;</span></p><p><span>y1=zeros(7,1);y1(1,1)=1;y1(5,1)=1;y1(6,1)=4y1(7,1)=2;</span></p><p><span>y2=zeros(7,1);y2(1,1)=1;y2(5,1)=4;y2(6,1)=1;y2(7,1)=2;</span></p><p><span>y3=zeros(7,1);y3(1,1)=1;y3(5,1)=2;y3(6,1)=1;y3(7,1)=4;</span></p><p><span>y4=zeros(7,1);y4(1,1)=1;y4(5,1)=2;y4(6,1)=4;y4(7,1)=1;</span></p><p><span>y5=zeros(7,1);y5(1,1)=1;y5(5,1)=4;y5(6,1)=2;y5(7,1)=1;</span></p><p><span>e=linspace(0,7,100);</span></p><p><span><br></span></p><p><span>[x0,z0]=ode45('enzyme',e,y0);</span></p><p><span>[x1,z1]=ode45('enzyme',e,y1);</span></p><p><span>[x2,z2]=ode45('enzyme',e,y2);</span></p><p><span>[x3,z3]=ode45('enzyme',e,y3);</span></p><p><span>[x4,z4]=ode45('enzyme',e,y4);</span></p><p><span>[x5,z5]=ode45('enzyme',e,y5);</span></p><p><span>subplot(321), plot(x0,z0(:,1),'x',x1,z1(:,1),x2,z2(:,1),'v',x3,z3(:,1),x4,z4(:,1),'diamond',x5,z5(:,1));</span></p><p><span>legend('A:B:C=1:2:4','A:B:C=1:4:2','A:B:C=4:1:2','A:B:C=2:1:4','A:B:C=2:4:1','A:B:C=4:2:1');</span></p><p><span>title('DBT');</span></p><p><span>xlabel('time');</span></p><p><span>ylabel('concentration');</span></p><p><span>axis([0,7,0,1]) </span></p><p><span>subplot(312), plot(x0,z0(:,2)+z0(:,3),x1,z1(:,2)+z1(:,3),x2,z2(:,2)+z2(:,3),x3,z3(:,2)+z3(:,3),x4,z4(:,2)+z4(:,3),x5,z5(:,2)+z5(:,3));</span></p><p><span>title('inter production');</span></p><p><span>ylabel('concentration');</span></p><p><span>axis([0,7,0,1]) </span></p><p><span>subplot(313), plot(x0,z0(:,4),x1,z1(:,4),x2,z2(:,4),x3,z3(:,4),x4,z4(:,4),x5,z5(:,4));</span></p><p><span>title('HBP');</span></p><p><span>xlabel('time');</span></p><p><span>ylabel('concentration');</span></p><p><span>axis([0,7,0,1]) end</span></p><p><span><br></span></p><p><span>progress2.m</span></p><p><span>global kC kA kB KA KB KC ksi ki kd aHBP ICA ICB Kawc Kaoc Kaow PWCD POCD POWD PWCH POCH POWH fc fw fo;</span></p><p><span><br></span></p><p><span>fo=0.1; fw=0.87; fc=0.03; PWCD=1; POWD=21000;</span></p><p><span>POCD=21000; PWCH=7; POCH=4.1; POWH=29; kA=11; kB=1.7; kC=1.6; KA=3.6;</span></p><p><span>KB=1.3; KC=1.4; ksi=1.8; ICA=60; ICB=110; aHBP=0.4; ki=40; kd=0.00055;</span></p><p><span>Kawc=1; Kaoc=1; Kaow=1;</span></p><p><span><br></span></p><p><span>y0=zeros(7,1);y0(1,1)=1;y0(5,1)=1;y0(6,1)=10;y0(7,1)=100;</span></p><p><span>y1=zeros(7,1);y1(1,1)=1;y1(5,1)=1;y1(6,1)=100;y1(7,1)=10;</span></p><p><span>y2=zeros(7,1);y2(1,1)=1;y2(5,1)=100;y2(6,1)=1;y2(7,1)=10;</span></p><p><span>y3=zeros(7,1);y3(1,1)=1;y3(5,1)=10;y3(6,1)=1;y3(7,1)=100;</span></p><p><span>y4=zeros(7,1);y4(1,1)=1;y4(5,1)=10;y4(6,1)=100;y4(7,1)=1;</span></p><p><span>y5=zeros(7,1);y5(1,1)=1;y5(5,1)=100;y5(6,1)=10;y5(7,1)=1;</span></p><p><span>e=linspace(0,7,100);</span></p><p><span><br></span></p><p><span>[x0,z0]=ode45('enzyme',e,y0);</span></p><p><span>[x1,z1]=ode45('enzyme',e,y1);</span></p><p><span>[x2,z2]=ode45('enzyme',e,y2);</span></p><p><span>[x3,z3]=ode45('enzyme',e,y3);</span></p><p><span>[x4,z4]=ode45('enzyme',e,y4);</span></p><p><span>[x5,z5]=ode45('enzyme',e,y5);</span></p><p><span>subplot(321), plot(x0,z0(:,1),'x',x1,z1(:,1),x2,z2(:,1),'v',x3,z3(:,1),x4,z4(:,1),'diamond',x5,z5(:,1));</span></p><p><span>legend('A:B:C=1:10:100','A:B:C=1:100:10','A:B:C=100:1:10','A:B:C=10:1:100','A:B:C=10:100:1','A:B:C=100:10:1');</span></p><p><span>title('DBT');</span></p><p><span>axis([0,7,0,1]) </span></p><p><span>xlabel('time');</span></p><p><span>ylabel('concentration');</span></p><p><span>subplot(312), plot(x0,z0(:,2)+z0(:,3),x1,z1(:,2)+z1(:,3),x2,z2(:,2)+z2(:,3),x3,z3(:,2)+z3(:,3),x4,z4(:,2)+z4(:,3),x5,z5(:,2)+z5(:,3));</span></p><p><span>title('inter production');</span></p><p><span>axis([0,7,0,1]) </span></p><p><span>subplot(313), plot(x0,z0(:,4),x1,z1(:,4),x2,z2(:,4),x3,z3(:,4),x4,z4(:,4),x5,z5(:,4));</span></p><p><span>title('HBP');</span></p><p><span>axis([0,7,0,1]); </span></p><p><span>xlabel('time');</span></p><p><span>ylabel('concentration');</span></p><p><span>end;</span></p><p><span><br></span></p><p><span>Oil-Water ratio：</span></p><p><span>t=0:0.01:0.97;</span></p><p><span>KD2=21000;</span></p><p><span>KD3=21000;</span></p><p><span>KH2=29;</span></p><p><span>KH3=4.1;</span></p><p><span>XC=0.03;&nbsp; %XC is x(cell)</span></p><p><span>y=1./(1-t).*(t/KD3+XC/KD2+1-t-XC)./(t/KH3+XC/KH2+1-t-XC);</span></p><p><span>plot(t,y);</span></p><p><span>end;</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1707" class="ax_default label">
+        <div id="u1707_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1708" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>Not for yet.</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- 5.2 Related Experiments (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1709" class="ax_default label" data-label="5.2 Related Experiments">
+        <div id="u1709_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1710" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+          <p><span>5.2 Related Experiments</span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1711" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1711_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/7/76/T--SCUT-China_A--u1711.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1712" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1713" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1713_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/2/2d/T--SCUT-China_A--u1713.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1714" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1715" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1715_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/9/90/T--SCUT-China_A--u1715.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1716" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1717" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1717_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/d/da/T--SCUT-China_A--u1717.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1718" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1719" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1719_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/d/d3/T--SCUT-China_A--u1719.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1720" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1721" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1721_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/6/68/T--SCUT-China_A--u1721.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1722" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1723" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1723_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/2/26/T--SCUT-China_A--u1723.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1724" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1725" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1725_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/3/37/T--SCUT-China_A--u1725.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1726" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1727" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1727_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/4/41/T--SCUT-China_A--u1727.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1728" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1729" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1729_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/e/e3/T--SCUT-China_A--u1729.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1730" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1731" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1731_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/2/2c/T--SCUT-China_A--u1731.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1732" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1733" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1733_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/7/76/T--SCUT-China_A--u1733.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1734" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1735" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1735_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/b/b6/T--SCUT-China_A--u1735.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1736" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1737" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1737_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/0/07/T--SCUT-China_A--u1737.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1738" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1739" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1739_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/2/28/T--SCUT-China_A--u1739.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1740" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1741" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1741_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/e/e0/T--SCUT-China_A--u1741.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1742" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1743" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1743_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/b/bb/T--SCUT-China_A--u1743.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1744" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1745" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1745_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/a/ad/T--SCUT-China_A--u1745.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1746" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1747" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1747_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/0/01/T--SCUT-China_A--u1747.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1748" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1749" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1749_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/3/34/T--SCUT-China_A--u1749.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1750" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1751" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1751_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/6/6c/T--SCUT-China_A--u1751.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1752" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1753" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1753_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/9/9a/T--SCUT-China_A--u1753.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1754" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1755" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1755_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/b/b0/T--SCUT-China_A--u1755.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1756" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1757" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1757_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/b/b7/T--SCUT-China_A--u1757.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1758" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1759" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1759_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/b/bd/T--SCUT-China_A--u1759.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1760" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1761" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1761_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/b/bf/T--SCUT-China_A--u1761.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1762" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1763" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1763_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/c/c1/T--SCUT-China_A--u1763.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1764" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1765" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1765_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/5/53/T--SCUT-China_A--u1765.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1766" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1767" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1767_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/e/e8/T--SCUT-China_A--u1767.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1768" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1769" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1769_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/4/4a/T--SCUT-China_A--u1769.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1770" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1771" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1771_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/3/3f/T--SCUT-China_A--u1771.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1772" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1773" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1773_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/7/7e/T--SCUT-China_A--u1773.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1774" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (组合) -->
+      <div id="u1775" class="ax_default">
+        <!-- Unnamed (树状菜单) -->
+        <div id="u1776" class="ax_default tree_node treeroot">
+          <div id="u1776_children" class="u1776_children">
+            <!-- Unnamed (树节点) -->
+            <div id="u1777" class="ax_default tree_node treenode">
+              <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+              <div id="u1778" class="" selectiongroup="u1776_tree_group">
+                <div id="u1778_div" class=""></div>
+                <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                <div id="u1779" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                  <p><span>Mathemetical Modeling </span></p>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+              <div id="u1777_children" class="u1777_children">
+                <!-- Unnamed (树节点) -->
+                <div id="u1780" class="ax_default tree_node treenode">
+                  <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+                  <div id="u1781" class="" selectiongroup="u1776_tree_group">
+                    <div id="u1781_div" class=""></div>
+                    <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                    <div id="u1782" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                      <p><span>1.&nbsp; Overview</span></p>
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+                <!-- Unnamed (树节点) -->
+                <div id="u1783" class="ax_default tree_node treenode">
+                  <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+                  <div id="u1784" class="" selectiongroup="u1776_tree_group">
+                    <div id="u1784_div" class=""></div>
+                    <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                    <div id="u1785" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                      <p><span>2.&nbsp; Enzymes Proportion Model in 4S Pathway</span></p>
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                  <div id="u1783_children" class="u1783_children">
+                    <!-- Unnamed (树节点) -->
+                    <div id="u1786" class="ax_default tree_node treenode">
+                      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+                      <div id="u1787" class="" selectiongroup="u1776_tree_group">
+                        <div id="u1787_div" class=""></div>
+                        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                        <div id="u1788" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                          <p><span>2.1 Theory Part</span></p>
+                        </div>
+                      </div>
+                    </div>
+                    <!-- Unnamed (树节点) -->
+                    <div id="u1789" class="ax_default tree_node treenode">
+                      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+                      <div id="u1790" class="" selectiongroup="u1776_tree_group">
+                        <div id="u1790_div" class=""></div>
+                        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                        <div id="u1791" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                          <p><span>2.2 Determination of Related Parameters</span></p>
+                        </div>
+                      </div>
+                    </div>
+                    <!-- Unnamed (树节点) -->
+                    <div id="u1792" class="ax_default tree_node treenode">
+                      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+                      <div id="u1793" class="" selectiongroup="u1776_tree_group">
+                        <div id="u1793_div" class=""></div>
+                        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                        <div id="u1794" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                          <p><span>2.3 Modeling</span></p>
+                        </div>
+                      </div>
+                    </div>
+                    <!-- Unnamed (树节点) -->
+                    <div id="u1795" class="ax_default tree_node treenode">
+                      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+                      <div id="u1796" class="" selectiongroup="u1776_tree_group">
+                        <div id="u1796_div" class=""></div>
+                        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                        <div id="u1797" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                          <p><span>2.4 Result Analysis</span></p>
+                        </div>
+                      </div>
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+                <!-- Unnamed (树节点) -->
+                <div id="u1798" class="ax_default tree_node treenode">
+                  <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+                  <div id="u1799" class="" selectiongroup="u1776_tree_group">
+                    <div id="u1799_div" class=""></div>
+                    <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                    <div id="u1800" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                      <p><span>3.&nbsp; The Water-oil Proportion Model</span></p>
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                  <div id="u1798_children" class="u1798_children">
+                    <!-- Unnamed (树节点) -->
+                    <div id="u1801" class="ax_default tree_node treenode">
+                      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+                      <div id="u1802" class="" selectiongroup="u1776_tree_group">
+                        <div id="u1802_div" class=""></div>
+                        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                        <div id="u1803" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                          <p><span>3.1 Theories</span></p>
+                        </div>
+                      </div>
+                    </div>
+                    <!-- Unnamed (树节点) -->
+                    <div id="u1804" class="ax_default tree_node treenode">
+                      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+                      <div id="u1805" class="" selectiongroup="u1776_tree_group">
+                        <div id="u1805_div" class=""></div>
+                        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                        <div id="u1806" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                          <p><span>3.2 Related Parameters</span></p>
+                        </div>
+                      </div>
+                    </div>
+                    <!-- Unnamed (树节点) -->
+                    <div id="u1807" class="ax_default tree_node treenode">
+                      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+                      <div id="u1808" class="" selectiongroup="u1776_tree_group">
+                        <div id="u1808_div" class=""></div>
+                        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                        <div id="u1809" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                          <p><span>3.3 Modeling</span></p>
+                        </div>
+                      </div>
+                    </div>
+                    <!-- Unnamed (树节点) -->
+                    <div id="u1810" class="ax_default tree_node treenode">
+                      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+                      <div id="u1811" class="" selectiongroup="u1776_tree_group">
+                        <div id="u1811_div" class=""></div>
+                        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                        <div id="u1812" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                          <p><span>3.4 Result Analysis</span></p>
+                        </div>
+                      </div>
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+                <!-- Unnamed (树节点) -->
+                <div id="u1813" class="ax_default tree_node treenode">
+                  <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+                  <div id="u1814" class="" selectiongroup="u1776_tree_group">
+                    <div id="u1814_div" class=""></div>
+                    <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                    <div id="u1815" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                      <p><span>4.&nbsp; References</span></p>
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+                <!-- Unnamed (树节点) -->
+                <div id="u1816" class="ax_default tree_node treenode">
+                  <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+                  <div id="u1817" class="" selectiongroup="u1776_tree_group">
+                    <div id="u1817_div" class=""></div>
+                    <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                    <div id="u1818" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                      <p><span>5. Index</span></p>
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                  <div id="u1816_children" class="u1816_children">
+                    <!-- Unnamed (树节点) -->
+                    <div id="u1819" class="ax_default tree_node treenode">
+                      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+                      <div id="u1820" class="" selectiongroup="u1776_tree_group">
+                        <div id="u1820_div" class=""></div>
+                        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                        <div id="u1821" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                          <p><span>5.1 Source Code</span></p>
+                        </div>
+                      </div>
+                    </div>
+                    <!-- Unnamed (树节点) -->
+                    <div id="u1822" class="ax_default tree_node treenode">
+                      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+                      <div id="u1823" class="" selectiongroup="u1776_tree_group">
+                        <div id="u1823_div" class=""></div>
+                        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+                        <div id="u1824" class="text" style="visibility: visible;">
+                          <p><span>5.2 Related Experiments</span></p>
+                        </div>
+                      </div>
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (矩形) -->
+      <div id="u1825" class="ax_default box_1">
+        <div id="u1825_div" class=""></div>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1826" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1827" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1827_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/4/4b/T--SCUT-China_A--u1827.png
+"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1828" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- Unnamed (图片) -->
+      <div id="u1829" class="ax_default _图片">
+        <img id="u1829_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/c/c5/T--SCUT-China_A--u1829.png"/>
+        <!-- Unnamed () -->
+        <div id="u1830" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+          <p><span></span></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <!-- 滚动到顶部 (组合) -->
+      <div id="u1831" class="ax_default" data-label="滚动到顶部">
+        <!-- Unnamed (形状) -->
+        <div id="u1832" class="ax_default box_1">
+          <img id="u1832_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/4/45/T--SCUT-China_A--u387.png"/>
+          <!-- Unnamed () -->
+          <div id="u1833" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+            <p><span></span></p>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <!-- Unnamed (形状) -->
+        <div id="u1834" class="ax_default icon">
+          <img id="u1834_img" class="img " src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/6/63/T--SCUT-China_A--u389.png"/>
+          <!-- Unnamed () -->
+          <div id="u1835" class="text" style="display: none; visibility: hidden">
+            <p><span></span></p>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </body>
 </html>