Team:ASIJ Tokyo/Description
Project Description
Plastic is a ubiquitous material in modern consumer goods. One of the most common plastics used today is polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Chemically, it is a polymer consisting of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid subunits. With the increasingly short life cycles of consumer products, PET waste is accumulating around the globe at an uncontrollable rate. Moreover, PET is a plastic that does not biodegrade well, and degradation often has to use industrial processes. Given the rapid accumulation of PET and the difficulties associated with biodegradation by ecosystems, it is paramount to find a more efficient method to degrade PET.
Our iGEM project was inspired by the results of a collaborative study between Keio University and Kyoto Institute of Technology, two prestigious Japanese universities. Their research investigated the ability of PETase, an enzyme, to degrade PET plastic using a bacterium known as Ideonella Saikainesis. The success of PETase in the degradation of PET plastic into Polyethylene Terephthalate and Ethylene Glycol sparked our interest in improving the Japanese ecological environment. Thus, the goal of our iGEM project is to create a biobrick incorporating an ideal Anderson promoter to optimize the use of PETase in an E. coli bacteria system. Past iGEM projects centered on plastic degradation, such as those of Turkey 2014, University of Washington 2012 and Darmstadt 2012, also provided us with inspiration on the potential applications for our project, as well as lab protocols.
Our team focused on making a biobrick featuring the PETase enzyme to contribute to the IGEM registry. In addition, we hoped to optimize the initial step of PET breakdown, or depolymerization, so as to expedite the overall process of degradation. To accomplish these goals, we selected several Anderson promoters of different strengths (weak, moderately-strong, and strong) to test for optimizing PETase production. The faster the rate of transcription for the PETase gene, the more PETase enzyme is produced. The greater the volume of enzyme, the faster the rate of depolymerization, since there is more enzyme available to ‘work’ on a plastic sample.
Abstract
In recent years, the production of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) has increased rapidly, as a result of low production costs and consumer demands. PET is one of the most common plastic polymers, comprised of repeating monomeric subunits of Terephthalic Acid and Ethylene Glycol. It is frequently used in the manufacture of plastic bottles and clothing fibres, especially in Japan. As avid users of PET-based products, our team decided to research how to optimise the degradation of PET, which takes an average of 450 years to degrade naturally. We were further inspired to pursue this goal with Keio University’s recent discovery of Ideonella sakainesis — a unique bacteria capable of PET degradation. Thus, we have focused our project on the synthesis of an optimal PETase biobrick, which would be included in the iGEM database. Ultimately, our goal is to find an ideal promoter to expedite the production and secretion of PETase.
References
Keio University and Kyoto Institute of Technology. (2016, March 30). Discovery of a Bacterium that
Degrades and Assimilates Poly(ethylene terephthalate) could Serve as a Degradation and/or
Fermentation Platform for Biological Recycling of PET Waste Products [Press release]. Keio University. Retrieved June 30, 2016, from
https://www.keio.ac.jp/en/press_releases/2016/cb96u90000005501-att/160330_2.pdf
P. (2015). FAQs - Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved June 30, 2016, from
http://www.petresin.org/faq.asp
Hampson, M. (2016, March 09). Science: Newly Identified Bacteria Break Down Tough Plastic. Retrieved
June 30, 2016, from http://www.aaas.org/news/science-newly-identified-bacteria-break-down-tough-plastic
How Long does it take to Decompose - Facts Analysis. (2012, January 24). Retrieved June 30, 2016,
from
http://www.hoaxorfact.com/Science/how-long-does-it-take-to-decompose.html
T. (n.d.). Labjournal Metabolism. Retrieved June 30, 2016, from
https://2012.igem.org/Team:TU_Darmstadt/Labjournal/Metabolism
M. (n.d.). Team:METU Turkey project. Retrieved June 30, 2016, from
https://2014.igem.org/Team:METU_Turkey_project
What is PET? (2015). Retrieved June 30, 2016, from
http://www.napcor.com/PET/whatispet.html
Yoshida, S., Hiraga, K., Takehana, T., Taniguchi, I., Yamaji, H., Maeda, Y., . . . Oda, K. (2016). A bacterium that degrades and assimilates poly(ethylene terephthalate) (Doctoral dissertation, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Keio University) [Abstract]. U.S. National Institutes of Health's National Library of Medicine. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965627.
Abstract
In recent years, the production of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) has increased rapidly, as a result of low production costs and consumer demands. PET is one of the most common plastic polymers, comprised of repeating monomeric subunits of Terephthalic Acid and Ethylene Glycol. It is frequently used in the manufacture of plastic bottles and clothing fibres, especially in Japan. As avid users of PET-based products, our team decided to research how to optimise the degradation of PET, which takes an average of 450 years to degrade naturally. We were further inspired to pursue this goal with Keio University’s recent discovery of Ideonella sakainesis — a unique bacteria capable of PET degradation. Thus, we have focused our project on the synthesis of an optimal PETase biobrick, which would be included in the iGEM database. Ultimately, our goal is to find an ideal promoter to expedite the production and secretion of PETase.
References
Keio University and Kyoto Institute of Technology. (2016, March 30). Discovery of a Bacterium that
Degrades and Assimilates Poly(ethylene terephthalate) could Serve as a Degradation and/or
Fermentation Platform for Biological Recycling of PET Waste Products [Press release]. Keio University. Retrieved June 30, 2016, from
https://www.keio.ac.jp/en/press_releases/2016/cb96u90000005501-att/160330_2.pdf
P. (2015). FAQs - Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved June 30, 2016, from
http://www.petresin.org/faq.asp
Hampson, M. (2016, March 09). Science: Newly Identified Bacteria Break Down Tough Plastic. Retrieved
June 30, 2016, from http://www.aaas.org/news/science-newly-identified-bacteria-break-down-tough-plastic
How Long does it take to Decompose - Facts Analysis. (2012, January 24). Retrieved June 30, 2016,
from
http://www.hoaxorfact.com/Science/how-long-does-it-take-to-decompose.html
T. (n.d.). Labjournal Metabolism. Retrieved June 30, 2016, from
https://2012.igem.org/Team:TU_Darmstadt/Labjournal/Metabolism
M. (n.d.). Team:METU Turkey project. Retrieved June 30, 2016, from
https://2014.igem.org/Team:METU_Turkey_project
What is PET? (2015). Retrieved June 30, 2016, from
http://www.napcor.com/PET/whatispet.html
Yoshida, S., Hiraga, K., Takehana, T., Taniguchi, I., Yamaji, H., Maeda, Y., . . . Oda, K. (2016). A bacterium that degrades and assimilates poly(ethylene terephthalate) (Doctoral dissertation, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Keio University) [Abstract]. U.S. National Institutes of Health's National Library of Medicine. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965627.
How Long does it take to Decompose - Facts Analysis. (2012, January 24). Retrieved June 30, 2016, from
T. (n.d.). Labjournal Metabolism. Retrieved June 30, 2016, from
https://2012.igem.org/Team:TU_Darmstadt/Labjournal/Metabolism
M. (n.d.). Team:METU Turkey project. Retrieved June 30, 2016, from
https://2014.igem.org/Team:METU_Turkey_project
What is PET? (2015). Retrieved June 30, 2016, from
http://www.napcor.com/PET/whatispet.html
Yoshida, S., Hiraga, K., Takehana, T., Taniguchi, I., Yamaji, H., Maeda, Y., . . . Oda, K. (2016). A bacterium that degrades and assimilates poly(ethylene terephthalate) (Doctoral dissertation, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Keio University) [Abstract]. U.S. National Institutes of Health's National Library of Medicine. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965627.
