A variety of different chemicals were used for the execution of the wet lab experiments. The following list contains all the major chemicals used in our copper chelation system and delivery mechanism studies. Hazardous or dangerous chemicals have also a list of precautionary and hazardous statements as defined by the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
Ethidium Bromide
Use: Staining DNA electrophoresis gels.
Signal word: Danger
Hazard statement(s)
- H302 Harmful if swallowed.
- H330 Fatal if inhaled.
- H341 Suspected of causing genetic defects.
Precautionary statement(s)
- P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
- P281 Use personal protective equipment as required.
- P284 Wear respiratory protection.
- P310 Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/ physician.
TBE Buffer pH 8.3
Use: General buffer for DNA experiments.
Made of three chemicals: Tris, borate and EDTA
Non-Hazardous
Copper Sulphate Pentahydrate
Use: Induction of copper promoters and Cu2+ chelation assays.
Signal word: Warning
Hazard statement(s)
- H302 Harmful if swallowed.
- H315 Causes skin irritation.
- H319 Causes serious eye irritation.
- H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
Precautionary statement(s)
- P273 Avoid release to the environment.
- P305 + P351 + P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
- P501 Dispose of contents/container to an approved waste disposal plant.
Agarose
Use: DNA electrophoresis gel matrix
Non-Hazardous
L(+)-Arabinose
Use: Induction of pBAD expression
Non-Hazardous
Bathocuproinedisulfonic Acid Disodium Salt
Use: Chromophore in Cu+/Cu2+ detection assay
Non-Hazardous
L(+)-Sodium Ascorbate
Use: Reducing agent in Cu+/Cu2+ detection assay
Non-Hazardous
L-Glutathione
Use: Reducing agent in Cu+/Cu2+ detection assay.
Non-Hazardous
Chloramphenicol
Use: Antibiotic and positive selection marker for all plasmids except pBAD
Signal word: Danger
Hazard statement(s)
- H350 May cause cancer
Precautionary statement(s)
- P201 Obtain special instructions before use.
- P308 + P313 If exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
Ampicillin
Use: Antibiotic and positive selection marker for pBAD.
Signal word: Danger
Hazard statement(s)
- H315 Causes skin irritation
- H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction
- H319 Causes serious eye irritation
- H334 May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled
- H335 May cause respiratory irritation
Precautionary statement(s)
- P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray
- P280 Wear protective gloves
- P305 + P351 + P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing
- P342 + P311 If experiencing respiratory symptoms: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician
Tris pH 7.0 and 8.0
Use: General buffer for protein and copper assays
Non-Hazardous
Glycerol
Use: Component of protein buffer for protein stability at low temperatures. Used in protein purification lysis and elution buffers. Also, used in SDS-PAGE run buffer
Non-Hazardous
DL-Dithiothreitol
Use: Reducing agent in Cu+/Cu2+ detection assay and protein purification
Signal word: Warning
Hazard statement(s)
- H302 Harmful if swallowed
- H315 Causes skin irritation
- H319 Causes serious eye irritation
- H335 May cause respiratory irritation
Precautionary statement(s)
- P261 Avoid breathing dust
- P305 + P351 + P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing
Imidazole
Use: Elution of His-tagged target proteins from nickel bead column during protein purification
Signal word: Danger
Hazard statement(s)
- H302 Harmful if swallowed
- H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
- H360D May damage the unborn child
Precautionary statement(s)
- P201 Obtain special instructions before use
- P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection
- P305 + P351 + P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing
- P310 Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician
Nickel Affinity Beads
Use: Selection of His-tagged target proteins during protein purification
Non-Hazardous
Sodium Alginate
Use: Major component of bacterial delivery beads
Non-Hazardous
Crystal Violet
Use: Marker for bead quality assay
Signal word: Danger
Hazard statement(s)
- H302 Harmful if swallowed
- H318 Causes serious eye damage
- H350 May cause cancer
- H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
Precautionary statement(s)
- P201 Obtain special instructions before use
- P273 Avoid release to the environment
- P280 Wear protective gloves/ eye protection/ face protection
- P305 + P351 + P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing
- P308 + P313 If exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention
- P501 Dispose of contents/container to an approved waste disposal plant
Lysogeny Broth
Use: Medium for general bacterial growth
Non-Hazardous
Phosphate Buffered Saline pH 7.4
Use: Dilution buffer for flow cytometry experiments
Non-Hazardous
Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate
Use: Detergent in protein identification gels
Signal word: Danger
Hazard statement(s)
- H228 Flammable solid
- H302 + H332 Harmful if swallowed or if inhaled
- H315 Causes skin irritation
- H318 Causes serious eye damage
- H335 May cause respiratory irritation
- H412 Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects
Precautionary statement(s)
- P210 Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking
- P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray
- P280 Wear eye protection/face protection
- P301 + P312 + P330 IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER/doctor if you feel unwell. Rinse mouth
- P305 + P351 + P338 + P310 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Immediately call a POISON CENTER/doctor
- P370 + P378 In case of fire: Use dry powder or dry sand to extinguish
Ethanol 100%
Use: solvent for chloramphenicol
Signal word: Danger
Hazard statement(s)
- H225 Highly flammable liquid and vapour
- H319 Causes serious eye irritation
Precautionary statement(s)
- P210 Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking
- P305 + P351 + P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing
- P370 + P378 In case of fire: Use dry powder or dry sand to extinguish
- P403 + P235 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool
Transfection Buffer I (Manganese[II] Chloride)
Use: First soaking buffer in creating competent E. coli cells
Signal word: Danger
Hazard statement(s)
- H302 Harmful if swallowed
- H318 Causes serious eye damage
- H373 May cause damage to organs (Brain) through prolonged or repeated exposure if inhaled
- H411 Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
Precautionary statement(s)
- P273 Avoid release to the environment
- P280 Wear eye protection/ face protection
- P301 + P312 + P330 IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. Rinse mouth
- P305 + P351 + P338 + P310 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician
- P391 Collect spillage
- P501 Dispose of contents/container to an approved waste disposal plant
Transfection Buffer II
Use: Second soaking buffer in creating competent E. coli cells
Non-Hazardous
Chitosan
Use: Coating for bacterial delivery beads
Non-Hazardous
InstantBlue
Use: Protein stain for protein identification gels
Signal word: Warning
Hazard statement(s)
- H290 May be corrosive to metals
- H315 Causes skin irritation
- H319 Causes serious eye irritation
Precautionary statement(s)
- P305 + P351 + P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing
NEB Purple Loading Dye
Use: Stabilizer and marker for DNA gel electrophoresis
Non-Hazardous
Roche cOmplete EDTA-free Protease Inhibitor Cocktail
Use: Prevention of protein cleavage during protein purification
Signal word: Danger
Hazard statement(s)
- H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage Skin corrosion/irritation
Precautionary statement(s)
- P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray
- P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection
- P301 + P330 + P331 IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting
- P303 + P361 + P353 IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower
- P304 + P340 + P310 IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician
- P305 + P351 + P338 + P310 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician
Hydrochloric Acid
Use: Simulation of stomach acid conditions in bead experiments
Signal word: Warning
Hazard statement(s)
- H290 May be corrosive to metals
Sodium Hydroxide
Use: Simulation of duodenum conditions in bead experiments
Signal word: Danger
Hazard statement(s)
- H290 May be corrosive to metals
- H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
Precautionary statement(s)
- P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray
- P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection
- P303 + P361 + P353 IF ON SKIN (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower
- P304 + P340 + P310 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. Immediately call a POISON CENTER/doctor
- P305 + P351 + P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing
Monobasic Sodium Phosphate
Use: Simulation of duodenum conditions in bead experiments
Non-Hazardous
Glacial Acetic Acid
Use: Bead experiments
Signal word: Danger
Hazard statement(s)
- H226 Flammable liquid and vapour
- H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
Precautionary statement(s)
- P210 Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking
- P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray
- P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection
- P303 + P361 + P353 IF ON SKIN (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower
- P305 + P351 + P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing
- P370 + P378 In case of fire: Use dry powder or dry sand to extinguish
Calcium Chloride
Use: Forming beads from alginate. Ca2+ causes alginate phase change
Signal word: Warning
Hazard statement(s)
- H319 Causes serious eye irritation
Precautionary statement(s)
- P305 + P351 + P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing