Difference between revisions of "Team:Oxford/Human Practices"

 
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        <ul id="sidebar" class="nav nav-stacked" data-spy="affix" data-offset-top="330">
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                <a href="#2">Introduction</a>
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                <a href="#3">Discourse</a>
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                <a href="#4">Ethics and Safety</a>
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                <a href="#5">Public engagement and education</a>
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                <a href="#6">References</a>
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<div class="pageTitle pageTitlePurple">Human Practices</div>
  
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<h2>Introduction</h2>
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<p>Our human practices work began with a public survey to investigate the issues people wanted to be addressed by an interdisciplinary science project. The outcome of this investigation was medicine/therapeutics.</p>  
 
<p>Our human practices work began with a public survey to investigate the issues people wanted to be addressed by an interdisciplinary science project. The outcome of this investigation was medicine/therapeutics.</p>  
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/9/99/T--Oxford--1.1.jpg" width="50%"><figcaption>The outcome of our first survey</figcaption>
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<p>As soon as we made the decision to investigate the use of bacteria as a medical treatment, we knew that we would have to approach human practices in 2 ways:</p>
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<p>As soon as we made the decision to investigate the use of bacteria as a medical treatment, we knew that we would have to approach human practices in two ways:</p>
  
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<li style="text-align:left;">Establishing a dialogue with patients and doctors to integrate their requirements into our design.</li>
 
<li style="text-align:left;">Establishing a dialogue with patients and doctors to integrate their requirements into our design.</li>
 
<li style="text-align:left;">Approaching the general public to address their concerns with synthetic biology and its use to genetically engineer organisms to treat disease, through engagement and education.</li>
 
<li style="text-align:left;">Approaching the general public to address their concerns with synthetic biology and its use to genetically engineer organisms to treat disease, through engagement and education.</li>
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<h2>Discourse</h2>
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<p>This page contains a brief overview of our discourse with patients and doctors, for more information on how these discussions impacted the design of our project, please click here (link to gold page).</p>
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<p>This page contains a brief overview of our discourse with patients and doctors, for more information on how these discussions impacted the design of our project, please click <a href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:Oxford/HP/Gold">here.</a> </p>
  
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font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.2; vertical-align: top; width: 271px; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; text-align: center;"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display:inline-block;text-align:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;">Expert Discussion: Dr Garry Brown, medical lecturer with experience of treating Wilson's Disease.<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><br /></div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><span id="docs-internal-guid-51067925-1dda-fe4d-f251-ec02a7d9d458"><span><i>“The therapies used today are the same as those in the 1980s – zinc and copper chelators. The chelators DO work, but with severe side effects, and there has been little interest in research looking new treatment methods since.”</i></span></span><br /></div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><span><span><i><br /></i></span></span></div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Treatments have not been investigated since the 1980s - there is a need and desire for new developments. As a result, we begin research in to copper chelators that could be constitutively expressed.</div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="136" y="110" fill="#000000" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12px" font-family="Helvetica">[Not supported by viewer]</text></switch></g><rect x="1" y="461" width="275" height="150" fill="#99ff99" stroke="#000000" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(2.5,480.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow:visible;" pointer-events="all" width="271" height="110" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.2; vertical-align: top; width: 271px; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; text-align: center;"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display:inline-block;text-align:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;">Patient Discussion: Valerie Wheater, patient and Treasurer of the Wilson's Disease Support Group (WDSG)<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><br /></div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Valerie was dissatisfied with current treatments, particularly with the high dosage frequency required. She expressed the desire among patients for a longer term treatment. </div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="136" y="61" fill="#000000" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12px" font-family="Helvetica">[Not supported by viewer]</text></switch></g><path d="M 138.5 391 L 138.5 454.63" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="none"/><path d="M 138.5 459.88 L 135 452.88 L 138.5 454.63 L 142 452.88 Z" fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="none"/><rect x="1" y="691" width="275" height="140" fill="#99ff99" stroke="#000000" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(2.5,705.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow:visible;" pointer-events="all" width="271" height="110" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.2; vertical-align: top; width: 271px; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; text-align: center;"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display:inline-block;text-align:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;">Patient Discussion: Members of the WDSG at the 6th AGM<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><br /></div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Patients highlight the 3 main limitations with current drugs: price, side effects and high dosage frequency. Please click <i>here (link to gold page)</i> to see how we altered our design to address these concerns.</div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="136" y="61" fill="#000000" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12px" font-family="Helvetica">[Not supported by viewer]</text></switch></g><path d="M 138.5 611 L 138.5 684.63" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="none"/><path d="M 138.5 689.88 L 135 682.88 L 138.5 684.63 L 142 682.88 Z" fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="none"/><rect x="1" y="911" width="275" height="190" fill="#99ff99" stroke="#000000" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(2.5,922.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow:visible;" pointer-events="all" width="271" height="166" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.2; vertical-align: top; width: 271px; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; text-align: center;"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display:inline-block;text-align:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;">Expert Discussion: Professor of Evolutionary Biology, Kevin Foster<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><br /></div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Upon altering our therapeutic design to consist of a more long term treatment, we met with Kevin Foster to discuss persistence in the gut.</div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><br /></div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">We alter our design so that our ultimate choice of chassis would be <i>E. coli</i> K-12 Nissle 1917. For more information on how we made this decision, please click <i>here (link to Gold page) </i>and <i>here (link to safety page).</i></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="136" y="89" fill="#000000" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12px" font-family="Helvetica">[Not supported by viewer]</text></switch></g><path d="M 138.5 831 L 138.5 904.63" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="none"/><path d="M 138.5 909.88 L 135 902.88 L 138.5 904.63 L 142 902.88 Z" fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="none"/><rect x="1" y="1181" width="275" height="140" fill="#99ff99" stroke="#000000" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(2.5,1202.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow:visible;" pointer-events="all" width="271" height="96" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.2; vertical-align: top; width: 271px; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; text-align: center;"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display:inline-block;text-align:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;">Patient discussion<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><br /></div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Having finalised the design of our longterm probiotic therapeutic, we returned to patients and the wider public to see whether they would be happy with a treatment of this sort. See the results <i>here (link to Gold page).</i></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="136" y="54" fill="#000000" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12px" font-family="Helvetica">[Not supported by viewer]</text></switch></g><rect x="1" y="1401" width="275" height="110" fill="#99ff99" stroke="#000000" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(2.5,1414.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow:visible;" pointer-events="all" width="271" height="82" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.2; vertical-align: top; width: 271px; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; text-align: center;"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display:inline-block;text-align:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Reaching out to patients and the public</div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><br /></div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">We spoke to both patients and the public to investigate their preferred method for delivery of such a treatment. </div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><br /></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="136" y="47" fill="#000000" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12px" font-family="Helvetica">[Not supported by viewer]</text></switch></g><path d="M 138.5 1101 L 138.5 1174.63" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="none"/><path d="M 138.5 1179.88 L 135 1172.88 L 138.5 1174.63 L 142 1172.88 Z" fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="none"/><path d="M 138.5 1321 L 138.5 1394.63" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="none"/><path d="M 138.5 1399.88 L 135 1392.88 L 138.5 1394.63 L 142 1392.88 Z" fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="none"/></g></svg>
 
  
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/9/92/T--Oxford--discourseFinal.png" width="70%"><figcaption>How we integrated the feedback from patients and experts into the design of our project</figcaption>
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<h2 id="4">Ethics and Safety</h2>
  
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<p>Having developed our idea to produce a probiotic therapeutic, we wanted to learn more about whether a treatment of this nature could ever actually be approved by the government. To do this, we turned to an expert: Jane Kaye, Professor of Health, Law and Policy, and Director of HeLEX (Centre for Health, Law and Emerging Technologies). She advised us that policy regarding emerging technologies is often linked to public perception, and that in turn, is linked to the safety and ethics research that has been done regarding the technology. </p>
  
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<p>This conversation led us to strongly consider the safety and ethics of our project, and more widely, the ethics of using any sort of genetically engineered organism to treat human disease. Read more about safety <a href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:Oxford/Safety">here</a>. For more information on our ethics research, including the concerns raised when we discussed the topic with the public, click <a href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:Oxford/HP/Silver">here</a>.</p>
  
  
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<h2 id="5">Public Engagement and Education</h2>
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<p>Having developed our idea to produce a probiotic therapeutic, we wanted to learn more about whether a treatment of this nature could ever actually be approved by the government. To do this, we turned to an expert: Jane Kaye, Professor of Health, Law and Policy, and Director of HeLEX (Centre for Health, Law and Emerging Technologies). She advised us that policy regarding emerging technologies is often linked to public perception, and that in turn is linked to the safety and ethics research that has been done regarding the technology. </p>
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<p>This conversation led us to strongly consider the safety and ethics of our project, and more widely, the ethics of using any sort of genetically engineered organism to treat human disease. Read more about safety here (link to safety page). For more information on our ethics research, including the concerns raised when we discussed the topic with the public, click here (link to silver hp page).</p>
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<p>Our potential probiotic therapeutic is not the only genetically engineered probiotic treatment under investigation (1)(2). We believe that treatments of this nature could alter the shape of medicine, and so we were keen to discover and alter public opinion of synthetic biology and the use of genetically engineered bacteria to fight disease. We set out to engage and educate on a local, national and international scale, read about our efforts here (link to silver medal page).</p>
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<h2>References</h2>
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<p>(1). Steidler, L. (2003) ‘Genetically engineered probiotics’, Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology, 17(5), pp. 861–876. doi: 10.1016/s1521-6918(03)00072-6.
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(2). Duan, F.F., Liu, J.H. and March, J.C. (2015) ‘Engineered Commensal bacteria Reprogram intestinal cells into glucose-responsive Insulin-Secreting cells for the treatment of diabetes’, Diabetes, 64(5), pp. 1794–1803. doi: 10.2337/db14-0635.
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<p>Our potential probiotic therapeutic is not the only genetically engineered probiotic treatment under investigation <sup>(1)(2)</sup>. We believe that treatments of this nature could alter the shape of medicine, and so we were keen to discover and alter public opinion of synthetic biology and the use of genetically engineered bacteria to fight disease. We set out to engage and educate on a local, national and international scale, read about our efforts <a href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:Oxford/HP/Silver">here</a>.</p>
  
  
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(1) Steidler, L. (2003) ‘Genetically engineered probiotics’, Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology, 17(5), pp. 861–876. doi: 10.1016/s1521-6918(03)00072-6.
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(2) Duan, F.F., Liu, J.H. and March, J.C. (2015) ‘Engineered Commensal bacteria Reprogram intestinal cells into glucose-responsive Insulin-Secreting cells for the treatment of diabetes’, Diabetes, 64(5), pp. 1794–1803. doi: 10.2337/db14-0635.
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Latest revision as of 00:42, 19 October 2016

iGEM Oxford 2016 - Cure for Copper

Human Practices

Introduction

Our human practices work began with a public survey to investigate the issues people wanted to be addressed by an interdisciplinary science project. The outcome of this investigation was medicine/therapeutics.

The outcome of our first survey

As soon as we made the decision to investigate the use of bacteria as a medical treatment, we knew that we would have to approach human practices in two ways:

  • Establishing a dialogue with patients and doctors to integrate their requirements into our design.
  • Approaching the general public to address their concerns with synthetic biology and its use to genetically engineer organisms to treat disease, through engagement and education.

Discourse

This page contains a brief overview of our discourse with patients and doctors, for more information on how these discussions impacted the design of our project, please click here.


How we integrated the feedback from patients and experts into the design of our project


Ethics and Safety

Having developed our idea to produce a probiotic therapeutic, we wanted to learn more about whether a treatment of this nature could ever actually be approved by the government. To do this, we turned to an expert: Jane Kaye, Professor of Health, Law and Policy, and Director of HeLEX (Centre for Health, Law and Emerging Technologies). She advised us that policy regarding emerging technologies is often linked to public perception, and that in turn, is linked to the safety and ethics research that has been done regarding the technology.

This conversation led us to strongly consider the safety and ethics of our project, and more widely, the ethics of using any sort of genetically engineered organism to treat human disease. Read more about safety here. For more information on our ethics research, including the concerns raised when we discussed the topic with the public, click here.

Public Engagement and Education

Our potential probiotic therapeutic is not the only genetically engineered probiotic treatment under investigation (1)(2). We believe that treatments of this nature could alter the shape of medicine, and so we were keen to discover and alter public opinion of synthetic biology and the use of genetically engineered bacteria to fight disease. We set out to engage and educate on a local, national and international scale, read about our efforts here.

References:

  • (1) Steidler, L. (2003) ‘Genetically engineered probiotics’, Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology, 17(5), pp. 861–876. doi: 10.1016/s1521-6918(03)00072-6.
  • (2) Duan, F.F., Liu, J.H. and March, J.C. (2015) ‘Engineered Commensal bacteria Reprogram intestinal cells into glucose-responsive Insulin-Secreting cells for the treatment of diabetes’, Diabetes, 64(5), pp. 1794–1803. doi: 10.2337/db14-0635.