Difference between revisions of "Team:Sheffield/episode4"

 
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<p>AMR STRATERGY</p>
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<p>AMR STRATEGY</p>
 
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<p>AMR COMMITTEE</p>
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<p>MEETING WITH AMR COMMITTEE</p>
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<p>THE TALK</p>
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                         <h2>The 5 Year Plan</h2>
 
                         <h2>The 5 Year Plan</h2>
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<p>We turned our attention to the strategies that the UK government was adopting to tackle antibiotic resistance (as this is the country we are working in). We discovered the AMR five year strategy. The AMR five year strategy was developed in collaboration with a whole host of organisations from the Government’s Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs to the National Health Service and the Ministry of Defence. Together, these organisations set out a number of action points for seeing a reduction in antibiotic resistance over the next 5 years from 2013.</p>
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<p>Antibiotic resistance is clearly a problem that needs to be tackled on a global scale. However, global plans do not consider the more detailed aspects of tackling the problem, whereas national strategies have this at their core. The UK government is adopting the five year antimicrobial resistance (AMR) strategy; a collaboration between a host of organisations from the Government Departments for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), and the National Health Service (NHS) as well as the Ministry of Defence.</p>
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                       <p>In their report they put these points as targets:</p>
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<p><a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/244058/20130902_UK_5_year_AMR_strategy.pdf">Click here for the AMR report</a></p>
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                        <p>Together these organisations set out a number of action points for seeing a reduction in antibiotic resistance over the next 5 years, beginning from 2013.</p>
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                       <p>The report listed the following as targets:</p>
 
                       <ol>
 
                       <ol>
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                           <li>Good infection prevention and control measures to help prevent infections occurring become the norm in all sectors of human and animal health</li>
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                           <li>Good infection prevention and control measures to help prevent infections occurring become the norm in all sectors of human and animal health,</li>
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                           <li>Infections can be diagnosed quickly and the right treatment used</li>
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                           <li>Infections can be diagnosed quickly and the right treatment used,</li>
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                           <li>Patients and animal keepers fully understand the importance of antibiotic treatment regimens and adhere to them</li>
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                           <li>Patients and animal keepers fully understand the importance of antibiotic treatment regimens and adhere to them,</li>
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                           <li>Surveillance is in place which quickly identifies new threats or changing patterns in resistance</li>
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                           <li>Surveillance is in place which quickly identifies new threats or changing patterns in resistance,</li>
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                           <li>There is a sustainable supply of new, effective antimicrobials</li>
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                           <li>There is a sustainable supply of new, effective antimicrobials.</li>
 
                       </ol>
 
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                       <p>Again, of importance is the fact that the UK are calling for quick diagnosis of infections, <span>this validates the importance of our device for the UK</span>.</p>
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                       <p>The government is also calling for quick diagnosis of infections in tackling antibiotic resistance - <b>we feel we could answer this call with our device.</b></p>
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                 <h2>The Rapid Diagnostics Steering Committee Interview</h2>
 
                 <h2>The Rapid Diagnostics Steering Committee Interview</h2>
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                 <p>We spoke to David Oglesby, a Clinical Fellow and member of the Rapid Diagnostics Steering Committee set up to survey implementation of the <span>UK government AMR five year strategy plan</span> in the area of rapid diagnostics.</p>
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                 <p><p>To design our device according to the requirements of the UK government, we consulted a member of the AMR Rapid Diagnostics Steering subgroup, David Oglesby. Below is what we learned from our time with him.</p>
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                <p style="text-align:center"><b>David Oglesby,</b></p>
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                <p style="text-align:center"><b>Clinical Fellow and member of the Rapid Diagnostics Steering Group</b></p>
  
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                 <p>We know the world governments, including the UK is calling for a device like ours. But we are interested in finding out more specifically what kind of a device they are looking for. The following is some of the highlights of the interview.</p>
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                 <p>According to David Oglesby, a device like ours would significantly aid national and global governments in combating antibiotic resistance. Our device uses the biomarker lipocalin-2, which is produced by a host in response to bacterial infections and is not pathogen-specific. Our device is unable to differentiate between different bacterial infections, and so we asked Mr. Oglesby if this is a limitation.</p>
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                <p><b>Our device is limited to the extent that it would not be able to tell which antibiotics are needed to treat a certain disease. It would only be able to detect if there is a bacterial or a lack of bacterial infection. Would you say this is too simplistic of a device?</b></p>
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                <p><i>“<span>Absolutely not.</span> When you look at the reports around that say where antibiotic resistance is coming from... one of the biggest areas you still find is that people giving antibiotics that have viral infections…</i></p>
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              <p>His response was <i> “Absolutely not. When you look at the reports around that say where antibiotic resistance is coming from... one of the biggest [issues] you still find is that people [are receiving] antibiotics when [they have] viral infections…” </i></p>
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                <p style="margin-bottom:50px"><i>The biggest issues of this, say an infection like meningitis, is that when you tell a child and the parents I’m not going to give you antibiotics is a <span>huge emotive issue</span>. There is some clinical value in being able to calm the parents down and that is a big general item. It does need to be looked at.”</i></p>
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                <p><b>Like all devices, it is difficult to achieve 100% accuracy. How accurate would you say our device need to be?</b></p>
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<p>Furthermore, Mr. Oglesby said that the device would have to be accurate enough to give doctors confidence in the results, and should ideally be correct >85% of the time.</p>  
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                <p><i>“It’s all gonna come down to being accurate enough to give the doctors the confidence in using the results. It’s got to be in the <span>high 80s and possibly late 90s</span>... because antibiotics are still relatively cheap and they are easy to prescribe, there are no real barriers to stop the prescription. If you don't’ them the confidence,they are not really going to use it (the device).” </i></p>
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<p>This conversation gave us a clear validation of the concept of our device, and also gave us a target accuracy of >85% to work towards.</p>
 
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                  <p>From our discussions and research we developed a network of governmental and non-governmental, international and non-international organisations that are pushing for discussion and action. We called this group The Talk.</p>
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<h2>The Legend</h2>
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                  <p>The <span>World Health Organisation (WHO)</span> are a division of the UN who carry out research on health issues globally and produce recommendations for governments to implement in an effort to improve people’s health worldwide.</p>
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<p>The <span>UK government</span> has recently made antibiotic resistance one of the top problems facing the UK, an important step in tackling antibiotic resistance.</p>
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<p>The <span>Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)</span> steering group was one of a number of steering groups established after talks between a number of governmental and NHS bodies, including Public Health England, NHS England, the Department for Health, created strategies for tackling antimicrobial resistance in 2013. The steering group monitors the progress of the strategies and reports back to governmental and NHS bodies.</p>
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<p>As <span>academics</span> iGEM fits into our network here. It provides young people with a platform to learn more about current problems and come up with creative solutions through synthetic biology and engineering, this paves the way for next generation to be active in tackling problems like antibiotic resistance. Academics at college and university institutions are also looking at the problem of antibiotic resistance.</p>
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<p>Industry, specifically the pharmaceutical industry have been reducing research into antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in recent years as it is no longer a lucrative activity for them.</p>
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<p><span>NHS</span> management sets targets for hospitals and GP surgeries to abide by. These goals include antibiotic prescription rates. Hospitals can be fined for exceeding these goals.</p>
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<p><span>Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (RCVS)</span> is a governing body for all vets in the UK. They set standards for good veterinary practice and monitor practice including antibiotic usage.</p>
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Latest revision as of 19:08, 19 October 2016

A template page

UK STRATEGIES

The 5 Year Plan

Antibiotic resistance is clearly a problem that needs to be tackled on a global scale. However, global plans do not consider the more detailed aspects of tackling the problem, whereas national strategies have this at their core. The UK government is adopting the five year antimicrobial resistance (AMR) strategy; a collaboration between a host of organisations from the Government Departments for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), and the National Health Service (NHS) as well as the Ministry of Defence.

Click here for the AMR report

Together these organisations set out a number of action points for seeing a reduction in antibiotic resistance over the next 5 years, beginning from 2013.

The report listed the following as targets:

  1. Good infection prevention and control measures to help prevent infections occurring become the norm in all sectors of human and animal health,
  2. Infections can be diagnosed quickly and the right treatment used,
  3. Patients and animal keepers fully understand the importance of antibiotic treatment regimens and adhere to them,
  4. Surveillance is in place which quickly identifies new threats or changing patterns in resistance,
  5. There is a sustainable supply of new, effective antimicrobials.

The government is also calling for quick diagnosis of infections in tackling antibiotic resistance - we feel we could answer this call with our device.

The Rapid Diagnostics Steering Committee Interview

To design our device according to the requirements of the UK government, we consulted a member of the AMR Rapid Diagnostics Steering subgroup, David Oglesby. Below is what we learned from our time with him.

David Oglesby,

Clinical Fellow and member of the Rapid Diagnostics Steering Group

According to David Oglesby, a device like ours would significantly aid national and global governments in combating antibiotic resistance. Our device uses the biomarker lipocalin-2, which is produced by a host in response to bacterial infections and is not pathogen-specific. Our device is unable to differentiate between different bacterial infections, and so we asked Mr. Oglesby if this is a limitation.

His response was “Absolutely not. When you look at the reports around that say where antibiotic resistance is coming from... one of the biggest [issues] you still find is that people [are receiving] antibiotics when [they have] viral infections…”

Furthermore, Mr. Oglesby said that the device would have to be accurate enough to give doctors confidence in the results, and should ideally be correct >85% of the time.

This conversation gave us a clear validation of the concept of our device, and also gave us a target accuracy of >85% to work towards.