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                    <a href="#Abstract"><h5><font color="white">Scroll</font></h5> <img class=
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        <div class="link" id="Abstract">
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<footer>
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                <h3><small>Alverno_CA iGEM 2016 Team</small><br>
 +
  <small><small>Alverno Heights Academy
 +
is an independent Catholic high school for girls located in <br>Sierra Madre, CA.
 +
The girls range in age from 14-18
 +
(freshmen - seniors).</small></small></h3>
 +
 
 +
      <h3>Clamping Down on Crosstalk<br>
 +
        <small>How can we keep genes from interfering with each other in
 +
        synthetic DNA circuits?</small></h3>
 +
 
 +
<br><br>
 +
        <center>
 +
            <h4>About this Project</h4>
 +
        </center>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
        <center>
 +
            <h5>Building complex biological systems with many
 +
            genes requires isolating genes. Active genes can cause nearby DNA
 +
            to become supercoiled, leading to unpredictable behavior of
 +
            synthetic biology systems. We will test if DNA clamps (made from
 +
            DNA-binding proteins) placed between genes can stop this
 +
            interference. If this project succeeds, it will allow bioengineers
 +
            to build more predictable genetic circuits.</h5>
 +
        </center>
 +
        <h5></h5>
 +
 
 +
        <div class="row">
 +
            <div class="img-center">
 +
                <a href="https://youtu.be/sFfD-AivQw4"><img class=
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                "img-responsive smallerimg" src=
 +
                "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/5/55/Videothumb.png"></a>
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 +
                <p class="kuvateksti">
 +
                </h5>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
                <center>
 +
                    <h4>Watch our introduction video here.</h4>
 +
                </center>
 +
                <h5></h5>
 +
            </div>
 +
        </div>
 +
       
 +
<br><br>
 +
        <center>
 +
            <h4>What is the context of this research?</h4>
 +
        </center>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
        <h5>Programming cells often requires building
 +
        "circuits" of several genes together on the same piece of DNA.
 +
        Bioengineers have observed that when two genes are placed next to each
 +
        other, they often unexpectedly interfere with each other's expression
 +
        in an unexpectedly orientation-dependent manner. Nobody knows with
 +
        certainty what causes this genetic crosstalk, but one promising theory
 +
        involves DNA supercoiling. The transcription of DNA into RNA, the
 +
        transcription process introduces supercoils, similar to kinks in a
 +
        tightly-wound phone cord. Supercoils directly affect the expression of
 +
        genes, turning them on or off depending on the direction of the
 +
        supercoil.</h5>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
        <center>
 +
<br><br>
 +
            <h4>What is the significance of this project?</h4>
 +
        </center>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
        <h5>If successful, a DNA-binding, gene- isolating clamp
 +
        could be used in any multi-gene circuit assembly, making multi-gene
 +
        assemblies more predictable and their assembly much more efficient.
 +
        This is particularly relevant when engineering metabolic pathways to
 +
        produce chemicals like methanol, insulin, or antibiotics, where
 +
        circuits of many genes are routinely constructed. The physical layout
 +
        of these circuits can unpredictably affect production of the desired
 +
        output by several orders of magnitude, so large engineered metabolic
 +
        pathways must typically be hand-tuned or have many configurations
 +
        screened for activity. By making gene expression more predictable, our
 +
        results could greatly improve the predictability (and, therefore,
 +
        designability) of large gene circuits for metabolic engineering</h5>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
        <center>
 +
<br><br>
 +
            <h4>What are the goals of the project?</h4>
 +
        </center>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
        <h5>We will first build several plasmids (circular
 +
        pieces of DNA) that demonstrate cross-talk between genes. These
 +
        plasmids will consist of genes for two different fluorescent proteins
 +
        (green fluorescent protein and red fluorescent protein) next to each
 +
        other, in different orientations. We expect to see differences in the
 +
        relative expression of the two genes depending on how they are arranged
 +
        and oriented, and we will quantify this effect. Next, we will try
 +
        several strategies for removing these differences, including adding
 +
        extra base pairs of spacing between the two genes and adding DNA
 +
        "clamps" made from DNA-binding repressor proteins between the two
 +
        genes. We will again quantify the effects of cross-talk between genes,
 +
        which will hopefully be ameliorated by our additions.</h5>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
        <center>
 +
<br><br>
 +
            <h4>Social Media</h4>
 +
        </center>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
        <h5>We created a variety of social media accounts
 +
        (<a href="https://twitter.com/AlvernoiGEM">Twitter</a><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-m1lVRVuwhknVQDLXVSnow">YouTube</a><a href="https://www.facebook.com/Alvernoigem/">Facebook</a>and <a href="https://www.instagram.com/alvernoigem/">Instagram</a>) as a means to reach out to
 +
        other teams, and to keep interested people informed about our
 +
        progress.</h5>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
        <h5><br>
 +
        </h5>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
        <center>
 +
<a class="twitter-timeline" data-width="650" data-height="500" href="https://twitter.com/AlvernoiGEM">Tweets by AlvernoiGEM</a> <script async src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
 +
           
 +
        </center>
 +
        <h5></h5><br>
 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
 
 +
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 +
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 +
    USAGE:
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Latest revision as of 20:00, 2 November 2016


Alverno_CA iGEM 2016 Team
Alverno Heights Academy is an independent Catholic high school for girls located in
Sierra Madre, CA. The girls range in age from 14-18 (freshmen - seniors).

Clamping Down on Crosstalk
How can we keep genes from interfering with each other in synthetic DNA circuits?



About this Project

Building complex biological systems with many genes requires isolating genes. Active genes can cause nearby DNA to become supercoiled, leading to unpredictable behavior of synthetic biology systems. We will test if DNA clamps (made from DNA-binding proteins) placed between genes can stop this interference. If this project succeeds, it will allow bioengineers to build more predictable genetic circuits.

Watch our introduction video here.



What is the context of this research?

Programming cells often requires building "circuits" of several genes together on the same piece of DNA. Bioengineers have observed that when two genes are placed next to each other, they often unexpectedly interfere with each other's expression in an unexpectedly orientation-dependent manner. Nobody knows with certainty what causes this genetic crosstalk, but one promising theory involves DNA supercoiling. The transcription of DNA into RNA, the transcription process introduces supercoils, similar to kinks in a tightly-wound phone cord. Supercoils directly affect the expression of genes, turning them on or off depending on the direction of the supercoil.


What is the significance of this project?

If successful, a DNA-binding, gene- isolating clamp could be used in any multi-gene circuit assembly, making multi-gene assemblies more predictable and their assembly much more efficient. This is particularly relevant when engineering metabolic pathways to produce chemicals like methanol, insulin, or antibiotics, where circuits of many genes are routinely constructed. The physical layout of these circuits can unpredictably affect production of the desired output by several orders of magnitude, so large engineered metabolic pathways must typically be hand-tuned or have many configurations screened for activity. By making gene expression more predictable, our results could greatly improve the predictability (and, therefore, designability) of large gene circuits for metabolic engineering


What are the goals of the project?

We will first build several plasmids (circular pieces of DNA) that demonstrate cross-talk between genes. These plasmids will consist of genes for two different fluorescent proteins (green fluorescent protein and red fluorescent protein) next to each other, in different orientations. We expect to see differences in the relative expression of the two genes depending on how they are arranged and oriented, and we will quantify this effect. Next, we will try several strategies for removing these differences, including adding extra base pairs of spacing between the two genes and adding DNA "clamps" made from DNA-binding repressor proteins between the two genes. We will again quantify the effects of cross-talk between genes, which will hopefully be ameliorated by our additions.


Social Media

We created a variety of social media accounts (TwitterYouTubeFacebookand Instagram) as a means to reach out to other teams, and to keep interested people informed about our progress.


Wiki coding by Aalto-Helsinki, modified by Alverno_CA.
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