Acknowledgements

We want to thank gratefully all the people who provided us their help, and permited to achieve this great project. First of all, we thank the BMP school from Paris Saclay University and particulary Gerald Peyroche for his trust and confidence, the FSDIE from University Paris Sud, the I2BC, the office for science and technology from the embassy of France in the United States and the Villebon-Sharpak institute for their financial support.

We appreciate very much all donations coming from the individuals sponsors : Estelle Robbe, Anne-Claire Guillongopaul, Santiago Jiménez Domínguez, Helène Costantin Viala, Mickaël Faria, René Chevalier, Ahmed Kabeche, Sylvain Djeyacoumar, François et Virginie Brenac, Henri-Dominique and Catherine Lacointa, Daniel and Claudine Schaffhauser, Sébastien Valadon, and Marie Rouquette.

We would like to thank David Bikard, head of lab at the Institut Pasteur, Olivier Espéli, group leader at the Collège de France, Deshmuck Gopaul, group leader at the institut Pasteur for giving us support for the scientific backgroud of our projet.

We thank Agnès Ricroch, professor at AgroParisTech, Mr Eric Enderlin, French and European Patent Attorney at Novagraaf, and Marc Fellous, Emeritus Professor at Paris Diderot University and Medical Doctor, for having answered to our ethical questions.

We want to thank Mrs Geneviève Fioraso, French deputy and former ministry of Higer Education and research, and Catherine Procaccia, French Senator for taking time to talk with us about the impact of political decisions on scientific research. We thank Pierre Walrafen, an European Patent Attorney, and, Jean Denis Faure, a researcher and professor at AgroParisTech school, our two nice speakers who tried to find answers to difficult questions about CRISPR-Cas9 techniques during the debate. We also want to thank the public for their participation.

We thank Stella Pacheco who helped us to set up our exhibiton on synthetic biology at the Nanterre university. We want to thank all the I2BC staff, for helping us during the summer internship and especial things to Isabelle Hatin and Olivier Bugaud (cytometer), and Emilie Drouineau and Claire Toffano-Nioche for modelling.

We want to thank Uriel Hazan and Pascale Rialland-Lefèvre, director and vice-director of Biology Department at the École normale supérieure de Paris-Saclay for their support and their avalibility.

Faculté Jean Monnet Sceaux Mme le professeur A. Ben Samoun et Mr le doyen A. Latreille design du Wiki : Maxime Schaffhauser Fabian, mentor de l'équipe Sylvain allemand : paris saclay média donation de matériel : Biolabs, Takara, Clontech