Difference between revisions of "Team:Technion Israel/Description"

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<h2>Our vision</h2>
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<h2>Introduction</h2>
 
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Imagine if you could direct entire bacterial populations towards a specific location,
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Imagine if you could direct bacterial populations towards a specific location. This ability could have amazing applications,
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this ability could have amazing applications such as research, bioremediation, substance  
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such as research, bioremediation, substance detection and much more!<br><br>  
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detection and much more!<br><br>  
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Project S.Tar aims to give the iGEM community this ability, with the hope that future
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teams may utilize it and find it useful. In addition, as an implementation of this
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ability, we designed FlashLab – a biological detection tool.
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<a href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:Technion_Israel/S.Tar_intro">
 
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/f/fb/T--Technion_Israel--starlogoicon.png" class="img-responsive img-center cir_tabs" width="170" style="cursor: pointer;">
 
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<h4 class="text-center">S.Tar</h4>
 
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<a href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:Technion_Israel/Design">
 
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/3/3d/T--Technion_Israel--flashlabicon.png" class="img-responsive img-center cir_tabs" width="170" style="cursor: pointer;">
 
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<h4 class="text-center">FlashLab</h4>
 
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<h2>Chemotaxis</h2>
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<h2>Nature provide a tremendous toolbox</h2>
 
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Chemotaxis is the movement of an organism in response to an external chemical stimulus. <br>
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Bacteria are able to sense the external environment, and move in response to a chemical stimulus (Fig. 1).  
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This system is used by many organisms to navigate their
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This phenomenon is called <b>chemotaxis</b>.<br><br>
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immediate environment<br>
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The bacteria sense the environment using receptor proteins (chemoreceptors).  
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The <I>E. coli</I> chemotaxis system is considered a model system that illustrates some of the core principles
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These are transmembrane proteins, that contain a periplasmic ligand binding domain (sensing region) and a conservative cytoplasmic domain (signaling region).<br>  
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of chemotactic movement <b>(1)</b>.  
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A detailed explanation on the chemotaxis system can be found <a href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:Technion_Israel/Chemotaxis">here</a>.<br><br>
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<br>
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The variety of chemoreceptors existing in nature is limited,
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A detailed explanation on the chemotaxis system and the intercellular processes involved can be  
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and most of them are comprise of relatively the same structure. The main difference being their ligand binding domains.
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found <a href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:Technion_Israel/Chemotaxis">here</a>.
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/thumb/9/95/T--Technion_Israel--repeattbacteria1.png/1200px-T--Technion_Israel--repeattbacteria1.png" class="img-responsive img-center" width="500" style="cursor: pointer;">
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/thumb/9/95/T--Technion_Israel--repeattbacteria1.png/1200px-T--Technion_Israel--repeattbacteria1.png" class="img-responsive img-center" width="400" style="cursor: pointer;">
 
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<p class="text-center"><b>Fig. 1:</b> Scheme of chemotaxis concept.</p>
 
<p class="text-center"><b>Fig. 1:</b> Scheme of chemotaxis concept.</p>
 
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/a/ab/T--Technion_Israel--TarFig2Description2.png" class="img-responsive img-center img-cont" width="400" height="129" style="cursor: pointer;">
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<p class="text-center"><b>Fig. 2:</b> Chemoreceptor structure illustration. <b></b></p>
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<h2>S.Tar – In control of chemotaxis</h2>
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<h2>S.Tar –control of chemotaxis</h2>
 
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Project Super Tar - <a href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:Technion_Israel/S.Tar_intro">S.Tar</a> in short, is designed to be a novel broadband platform for controlled chemotaxis.  
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Project Super Tar - <a href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:Technion_Israel/S.Tar_intro">S.Tar</a> in short, is designed to be a novel broadband platform for controlled chemotaxis. Our project focuses on expanding the repertoire of chemoreceptors found in nature.
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The foundation of our project is the <i> E. coli </i> Tar chemoreceptor or more specifically, its ligand binding  
+
The base of our project is the <i> E. coli </i> Tar chemoreceptor or more specifically, its ligand binding domain (LBD). <br>We show that by mutating the native Tar LBD <b>(2)</b> or by interchanging it with that of other receptors <b>(3)</b>, the <i> E. coli </i> chemotaxis system can be programmed to respond to completely new ligands.<br>
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domain (LBD). <br>
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We show that by mutating the native Tar LBD <b>(2)</b> or by interchanging it with that of other  
+
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receptors <b>(3)</b>, the <i> E. coli </i> chemotaxis system can be programmed to respond to completely new ligands.<br>
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Using S.Tar, scientists will be able to control the movement of bacteria and direct them towards or away
+
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from a target material.
+
 
</p>
 
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<p class="text-center"><b>Fig. 2:</b> S.Tar project - Programming the chemoreceptors to respond to new ligands by modifying the ligand binding domain.  
 
<p class="text-center"><b>Fig. 2:</b> S.Tar project - Programming the chemoreceptors to respond to new ligands by modifying the ligand binding domain.  
 
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We were successful in generating two new functional chemoreceptors:<br><br>
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<b>1. </b> <a href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:Technion_Israel/Proof" >PctA-Tar </a>, a chimera created by replacing the Tar LBD with that of the <i>Pseudomonas</i> receptor PctA.<br>
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<b>2.</b><ahref="https://2016.igem.org/Team:Technion_Israel/Modifications/Rosetta" >Histamine-Tar</a>, a receptor created with the help of computational design - using 'Rosetta' bioinformatics software suite to design mutations in the Tar receptor.
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Using S.Tar, scientists will be able to control the movement of bacteria, and direct them towards or away from a target material.
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</p>
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As an application of our system, we have designed <a href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:Technion_Israel/Design">FlashLab</a> - a user friendly fluidic chip,  which utilizes the high sensitivity of the chemotactic response. FlashLab is a simple and low cost platform for the detection of any chemoeffector, using S.Tar bacteria.
+
As an application of our system, we have designed <a href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:Technion_Israel/Design">FlashLab</a> -  
−
+
a user friendly fluidic chip,  which utilizes the high sensitivity of the chemotactic response. FlashLab is a simple and low  
 +
cost platform for the detection of any chemoeffector, using S.Tar bacteria.
 
</p>
 
</p>
 
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<h2>Our vision</h2>
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<div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12">
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<div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12">
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<p class="text-justify">
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Project S.Tar aims to give the iGEM community the ability to control bacterial chemotaxis, with the hope that
 +
future teams may utilize it and find it useful.
 +
 +
</p>
 +
</div>
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</div>
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<div class="col-md-6 col-xs-6">
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<a href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:Technion_Israel/S.Tar_intro">
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/f/fb/T--Technion_Israel--starlogoicon.png" class="img-responsive img-center cir_tabs" width="170" style="cursor: pointer;">
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</a>
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<h4 class="text-center">S.Tar</h4>
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</div>
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<div class="col-md-6 col-xs-6">
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<a href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:Technion_Israel/Design">
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/3/3d/T--Technion_Israel--flashlabicon.png" class="img-responsive img-center cir_tabs" width="170" style="cursor: pointer;">
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</a>
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<h4 class="text-center">FlashLab</h4>
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Revision as of 19:55, 19 October 2016

S.tar, by iGEM Technion 2016

S.tar, by iGEM Technion 2016

Introduction

Imagine if you could direct bacterial populations towards a specific location. This ability could have amazing applications, such as research, bioremediation, substance detection and much more!



Nature provide a tremendous toolbox




Bacteria are able to sense the external environment, and move in response to a chemical stimulus (Fig. 1). This phenomenon is called chemotaxis.

The bacteria sense the environment using receptor proteins (chemoreceptors). These are transmembrane proteins, that contain a periplasmic ligand binding domain (sensing region) and a conservative cytoplasmic domain (signaling region).
A detailed explanation on the chemotaxis system can be found here.

The variety of chemoreceptors existing in nature is limited, and most of them are comprise of relatively the same structure. The main difference being their ligand binding domains.

Fig. 1: Scheme of chemotaxis concept.

Fig. 2: Chemoreceptor structure illustration.

S.Tar –control of chemotaxis




Project Super Tar - S.Tar in short, is designed to be a novel broadband platform for controlled chemotaxis. Our project focuses on expanding the repertoire of chemoreceptors found in nature. The base of our project is the E. coli Tar chemoreceptor or more specifically, its ligand binding domain (LBD).
We show that by mutating the native Tar LBD (2) or by interchanging it with that of other receptors (3), the E. coli chemotaxis system can be programmed to respond to completely new ligands.

Fig. 2: S.Tar project - Programming the chemoreceptors to respond to new ligands by modifying the ligand binding domain.


We were successful in generating two new functional chemoreceptors:

1. PctA-Tar , a chimera created by replacing the Tar LBD with that of the Pseudomonas receptor PctA.
2.Histamine-Tar, a receptor created with the help of computational design - using 'Rosetta' bioinformatics software suite to design mutations in the Tar receptor. Using S.Tar, scientists will be able to control the movement of bacteria, and direct them towards or away from a target material.

FlashLab – A S.Tar detector




As an application of our system, we have designed FlashLab - a user friendly fluidic chip, which utilizes the high sensitivity of the chemotactic response. FlashLab is a simple and low cost platform for the detection of any chemoeffector, using S.Tar bacteria.

Fig. 3: Flash Lab - our designed detection chip.

Our vision

Project S.Tar aims to give the iGEM community the ability to control bacterial chemotaxis, with the hope that future teams may utilize it and find it useful.

S.Tar

FlashLab

References:
1. Bi, S. and Lai, L., 2015. Bacterial chemoreceptors and chemoeffectors. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 72(4), pp.691-708.

2. Moretti, R., Bender, B.J., Allison, B. and Meiler, J., 2016. Rosetta and the Design of Ligand Binding Sites. Computational Design of Ligand Binding Proteins, pp.47-62.

3. Reyes‐Darias, J.A., Yang, Y., Sourjik, V. and Krell, T., 2015. Correlation between signal input and output in PctA and PctB amino acid chemoreceptor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Molecular microbiology, 96(3), pp.513-525.




S.tar, by iGEM Technion 2016