Difference between revisions of "Team:Lethbridge HS/Description"

 
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                     <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge_HS" style="color:#CC141C; margin-top:20%;"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/5/50/T—lethbridgehs--whitelogo_and.png" width="70"></a>
 
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                                     <a href="project.html">BACKGROUND</a>
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                                     <a href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge_HS/Description">DESCRIPTION</a>
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                                     <a href="#">EXPERIMENTS</a>
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                                     <a href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge_HS/Design">DESIGN</a>
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                                    <a href="#">RESULTS</a>
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<a href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge_HS/Prototype">PROTOTYPE</a>
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<a href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge_HS/Proof">PROOF OF CONCEPT</a>
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                                     <a href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge_HS/Results">RESULTS</a>
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<a href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge_HS/Achievements">ACHIEVEMENTS</a>
 
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                                    <a href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge_HS/Notebook">NOTEBOOK</a>
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             <h1 id="firsttitle" style=""> <b>Description</b>Coli</h1>
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             <h1 id="firsttitle" style=""> DESCRIPTION </h1>
 
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                                <h1 style="text-align:center;"> Features of the InstaClotter</h1>
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<h3>Background Information<h3/>
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<p><font size="3.5">This year our team has decided to focus on increasing the speed and overall efficiency of blood coagulation in medium to large sized wounds. Although there are other products currently available in the market to increase the rate of blood coagulation, such as Quikclot (Z-Medica, 2014), or VetiGel (Bloomberg, 2014), our product is significantly different from these. Our product, called “Coagu.coli”, is based on using a component from the snake venom of the Desert Horned Viper (Cerastes cerastes).</p>
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<p> <br><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/b/ba/T--Lethbridge_HS--cerastes.jpg"><br/><font size="3.5"> Certain components of snake venoms are able to bypass several steps of the blood clotting cascade, therefore increasing the speed of blood clotting (Braud, 2000; Castro, Zingali, Albuquerque, Pujol-Luz, & Rodrigues, 2004).</p>
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                        <ul> <img src="images/blood-drops-clip-art-drop-clip-art-vector-clip-EknQci-clipart.png" width="25px" style="margin-right:10px;"> It is very good</ul>
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<p> <br><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2016/d/d5/T--Lethbridge_HS--clotting_pathway.jpg "><br/><font size="3.5">The component we are utilizing is Cerastotin and this is a serine protease that has thrombin like properties. What sets Cerastotin apart from other serine proteases is that it is easy to express and small enough to be used in our construct. Thrombin is an enzyme that causes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, which leads to the formation of a clot (Smith, 1980; Wolberg, 2007). By using Cerastotin in our construct, we are therefore able to greatly increase the efficiency and speed of blood coagulation.</p>
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                        <ul><img src="images/blood-drops-clip-art-drop-clip-art-vector-clip-EknQci-clipart.png" width="25px" style="margin-right:10px;">It can save you</ul>
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<p><font size="3.5"> Our product would be applied by a syringe containing our construct followed by a bandage for sealing it in place, and could be used in a variety of situations. Because our product would be produced in E.Coli, it would be highly affordable as a great amount can be expressed in a short period of time. The military, hospitals, and the average person would find our product invaluable. Coagu.coli has the power to prevent death by severe blood loss by giving a person enough time to receive further medical attention.</p>
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                        <ul><img src="images/blood-drops-clip-art-drop-clip-art-vector-clip-EknQci-clipart.png" width="25px" style="margin-right:10px;">Recived five start rating from 5 organizations</ul>
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<h3>References</h3>
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                        <ul><img src="images/blood-drops-clip-art-drop-clip-art-vector-clip-EknQci-clipart.png" width="25px" style="margin-right:10px;">Recived five start rating from 5 organizations</ul>
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<p>Bloomberg (2014, November 18). VetiGel: The band-aid of the future stops bleeding instantlyRetrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dJLxRcU9No4</p>
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<p>Braud, S. (2000). Snake venom proteins acting on hemostasis. Biochimie, 82(9-10), 851–859. doi:10.1016/s0300-9084(00)01178-0</p>
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<p>Castro, H. C., Zingali, R. B., Albuquerque, M. G., Pujol-Luz, M., & Rodrigues, C. R. (2004). Snake venom thrombin-like enzymes: From reptilase to now. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS),61(7-8), 843–856. doi:10.1007/s00018-003-3325-z</p>
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<p>Smith, G. F. (1980). Fibrinogen–fibrin conversion. The mechanism of fibrin-polymer formation in solution. Biochemical Journal, 185(1), 1–11. doi:10.1042/bj1850001</p>
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<p>Wolberg, A. S. (2007). Thrombin generation and fibrin clot structure. Blood Reviews, 21(3), 131–142. doi:10.1016/j.blre.2006.11.001</p>
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<p>Z-Medica. (2014). QuikClot® - stop bleeding fast. Retrieved October 16, 2016, from http://www.quikclot.com/</p>
  
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            <h2 id="slide1title" style="color:black; text-align:center;">What is the Blood Clotter?</h2>
 
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                <p id="slide1para">When our team started meeting, we had many great project ideas, such as taking on autoimmune disorders or treating fetal alcohol syndrome. We also considered bacterial fuel cells, terraforming bacteria, biofilm inhibitors, and synthetic ivory production. After a gladiator-style fight to the death, we narrowed it down to clotting blood. We asked ourselves who we wanted to help, what kind of wounds we wanted to treat, and how we could interact with our community. We decided that we want to focus on the medical field, more specifically medical treatment in emergency situations. We recognized that in most emergency situations, excessive blood loss is a threat that could result in hypovolemic shock, anemia or even death. Preventing or reducing blood loss would greatly increase the chances of survival as well as speeding up the healing process. After discussing different wound sizes and how our project could be applied to each, we decided we would focus mainly on treating medium to large sized wounds. Then, we started designing a construct based around snake venom. Some snake venoms are very effective at inducing blood clotting by skipping many steps of the clotting pathway and thereby greatly increasing the rate of blood clotting. The Cerastes cerastes snake venom acts similar to thrombin in the blood clotting cascade, causing inactive fibrinogen to be converted into active fibrin monomers. Along with Factor XVIII, the fibrin monomers form a crosslink structure that traps red blood cells, resulting in a blood clot.<br><br>
 
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For human practices we have been contacting professionals in relevant fields to ensure that our project is applicable in real-world emergency situations. Another component of our human practices is the community outreach we have been conducting. For example, we have gone to schools in Southern Alberta to educate students with respect to our project and iGEM. In addition, we have devised a public survey, went door to door, and created a social media account to try and establish an amicable rapport with those affected by severe bleeding and members of our community.<br><br>
 
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In the lab, we hope to successfully express our recombinant DNA in E.coli, and produce an effective solution for clotting blood. After that, we hope to develop a fast-acting and effective prototype that will be able to clot pressurized blood being pumped through a simulated wound. If this is accomplished, we’ll attempt to design a tool or delivery system to make sure that we apply the right amount of our system to the wound in order to get the best clot. In addition, we want to test whether or not the clotting factors can move through the body causing an embolism elsewhere. This is something we want to prevent and need to test if our system can remain local in the wound.<br><br>
 
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Our team hopes that our inexpensive and effective technology will be able to help military personnel, disaster victims, and other people affected with severe bleeding survive their ordeals, and have a better quality of life afterwards. In doing so, we will reduce strain on healthcare systems, simplify treatment of major bleeding for EMTs and doctors, and keep families together.</p>
 
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Latest revision as of 03:15, 20 October 2016

Lethbridge HS iGEM 2016

DESCRIPTION

Background Information

This year our team has decided to focus on increasing the speed and overall efficiency of blood coagulation in medium to large sized wounds. Although there are other products currently available in the market to increase the rate of blood coagulation, such as Quikclot (Z-Medica, 2014), or VetiGel (Bloomberg, 2014), our product is significantly different from these. Our product, called “Coagu.coli”, is based on using a component from the snake venom of the Desert Horned Viper (Cerastes cerastes).



Certain components of snake venoms are able to bypass several steps of the blood clotting cascade, therefore increasing the speed of blood clotting (Braud, 2000; Castro, Zingali, Albuquerque, Pujol-Luz, & Rodrigues, 2004).



The component we are utilizing is Cerastotin and this is a serine protease that has thrombin like properties. What sets Cerastotin apart from other serine proteases is that it is easy to express and small enough to be used in our construct. Thrombin is an enzyme that causes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, which leads to the formation of a clot (Smith, 1980; Wolberg, 2007). By using Cerastotin in our construct, we are therefore able to greatly increase the efficiency and speed of blood coagulation.

Our product would be applied by a syringe containing our construct followed by a bandage for sealing it in place, and could be used in a variety of situations. Because our product would be produced in E.Coli, it would be highly affordable as a great amount can be expressed in a short period of time. The military, hospitals, and the average person would find our product invaluable. Coagu.coli has the power to prevent death by severe blood loss by giving a person enough time to receive further medical attention.

References

Bloomberg (2014, November 18). VetiGel: The band-aid of the future stops bleeding instantlyRetrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dJLxRcU9No4

Braud, S. (2000). Snake venom proteins acting on hemostasis. Biochimie, 82(9-10), 851–859. doi:10.1016/s0300-9084(00)01178-0

Castro, H. C., Zingali, R. B., Albuquerque, M. G., Pujol-Luz, M., & Rodrigues, C. R. (2004). Snake venom thrombin-like enzymes: From reptilase to now. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS),61(7-8), 843–856. doi:10.1007/s00018-003-3325-z

Smith, G. F. (1980). Fibrinogen–fibrin conversion. The mechanism of fibrin-polymer formation in solution. Biochemical Journal, 185(1), 1–11. doi:10.1042/bj1850001

Wolberg, A. S. (2007). Thrombin generation and fibrin clot structure. Blood Reviews, 21(3), 131–142. doi:10.1016/j.blre.2006.11.001

Z-Medica. (2014). QuikClot® - stop bleeding fast. Retrieved October 16, 2016, from http://www.quikclot.com/