Difference between revisions of "Team:BIT-China/Description"

Genetic engineered bacteria which use plasmid as expression vector are widely employed in many social domains and developed rapidly these years. However, the plasmid segregational instability has been the limitation of scientific research and large-scale industry production for plasmid-based expression system.

So, what’s the plasmid segregational instability?

It’s known that uneven cell division arises frequently which is bound to produce two daughter cells with different plasmid numbers. The cell with less plasmids will produce cells with much less plasmids.

In our project, those cells with not enough plasmid number is called as ‘Slacker’, in the contrary, ‘Worker’ is the name for cells with enough plasmid.

The existence of slackers will sharply decrease the efficiency and profit due to the slacker’s increasing proliferation ability while producing no target substances.

There is no efficient way to prevent the birth of the slackers. Can we make the bacteria themselves monitor the plasmid losing situation and eliminate these slackers? In this way, we can enhance the plasmid stability, stabilize the microbial population structure and finally improve the production efficiency.

We decide to equip the bacteria with a plasmid-sensing logically adjustable cell killer (P-SLACKiller)

In our project, the inhibitor protein’s concentration is used as a signal to indicate the intracellular plasmid numbers. The sketch map of our basic circuit is shown in Fig.1.

We choose a constitutive promoter to express inhibitor gene, and an in-promoter which is repressed by inhibitor to express killer gene. Under normal circumstances, for plasmid concentration being high enough, our killer is repressed by inhibitor whose concentration is connected with plasmid numbers. However, considering the effect of plasmid segregational instability, the plasmid numbers will decrease, so as the intracellular inhibitor protein. The inadequate inhibitor cannot completely repress the expression of downstream killer gene, and all those slackers will be killed.

Previous work realize the plasmid maintenance through making the plasmid encode essential factors for the host.

Resistance screening and auxotrophic bacteria are dependent on the selecting process [1]. The plasmid-free bacteria cannot survive under specific selections, such as antibiotics. However, it’s not applicable for industrial fermentation. What’s worse, the unlimited use of antibiotics has raised worldwide concern due to its potential risk which may cause antibiotic resistance, degrade the capacity of the immune system and finally develop to a big social problem.

According to the natural mechanisms for plasmid maintenance, many new strategies are developed, so called plasmid addiction system (PAS) or post-segregational killing system (PSK) [2]. However, these mechanisms are still under exploration and the capacity of plasmid maintenance is not ideal since most of them can only ensure at least one plasmid remains, can’t truly realize the quantitative control as we hope.

Most existing methods for enhancing biosynthetic performance are stuck at the level of resistance screening or relying on natural mechanisms for plasmid maintenance. These method have the same problem: there is no clear definition for high- and low-performance variants, or said differently, those methods can’t define a number or a range as the threshold of plasmids’ concentration.

In our project, we can not only set a threshold to control the number of plasmids, but also regulate it as we need by using the different biobricks. That is what we say—quantitative control.

There is a step called spawn rejuvenation in the existing large-scale industrial production procedure. It’s useful to maintain the microbial population structure, but costs plenty of time and money.

Our design has great potential to simplify the process of spawn rejuvenation as well as increase the profit for companies. We use an intracellular signal correlated with the plasmid numbers and realize the selection process without any human interference. Through keeping the plasmid numbers above a threshold, we can realize the population quality control and improve the production efficiency.

As we know, the employed antibiotics must be removed in pharmaceutical or GMP-based fermentation processes and it’s not an applicable option in industrial fermentation.

As an antibiotics-free project, we can improve the previous approaches by making the process of plasmid-control more environment- friendly.