Difference between revisions of "Team:Tianjin/Protocol"

 
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       <div id="content" class="home blog single-author one-column content" role="main">
 
       <div id="content" class="home blog single-author one-column content" role="main">
  
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<article id="post-4252" class="post-4252 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-150 tag-174 tag-xinjiang tag-173">
 
<article id="post-4252" class="post-4252 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-150 tag-174 tag-xinjiang tag-173">
 
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<div class="entry-title" align="center" >Protocol Applied in Our Project</div>
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<div class="entry-title" align="center" style="font-size:42px;margin-top:30px" >General Protocols</div>
 
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</header><!-- .entry-header -->
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         <h1 class="entry-title">Plasmid Extraction</h1>
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         <h2 class="entry-title">1.Plasmid Extraction</h2>
 
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    <p>We use the TIANprep Mini Plasmid Kit made by TIANGEN Biotech Co.,Ltd. to extract plasmid. Here is the protocol.</p>
+
We use the<b> TIANprep Mini Plasmid Kit </b>made by <b>TIANGEN Biotech Co.,Ltd.</b> to extract plasmid. Here is the protocol.<br/>
 +
Add <b>ethanol (96-100%)</b> to Buffer <b>PW </b>before use, check bottle tag for the adding volume.<br/>
 +
1. Column equilibration: Place a Spin Column<b> CP3 </b>in a clean collection tube, and add <b>500 μl</b> Buffer <b>BL</b> to <b>CP3</b>. Centrifuge for <b>1 min</b> at <b>12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g)</b> in a table-top microcentrifuge. Discard the flow-through, and put the Spin Column <b>CP3</b> back into the collection tube. (Please use freshly treated spin column).<br/>
 +
2. Harvest <b>1-5 ml</b> bacterial cells in a microcentrifuge tube by centrifugation at <b>12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g)</b> in a conventional, table-top microcentrifuge for <b>1 min</b> at room temperature (<b>15-25°C</b>), then remove all traces of supernatant by inverting the open centrifuge tube until all medium has been drained (For large volume of bacterial cells, please harvest to one tube by several centrifugation step.)<br/>
 +
3. Re-suspend the bacterial pellet in <b>250 μl</b> Buffer<b> P1 </b>(Ensure that <b>RNase A </b>has been added). The bacteria should be resuspended completely by vortex or pipetting up and down until no cell clumps remain.<br/>
 +
Note: No cell clumps should be visible after resuspension ofthe pellet, otherwise incomplete lysis will lower yield and purity.
 +
4. Add <b>250 μl</b> Buffer<b> P2 </b>and mix gently and thoroughly by inverting the tube 6-8 times.<br/>
 +
Note: Mix gently by inverting the tube. Do not vortex, as this will result in shearing of genomic DNA. If necessary, continue inverting the tube until the solution becomes viscous and slightly clear. Do not allow the lysis reaction to proceed for more than 5 min. If the lysate is still not clear, please reduce bacterial pellet.<br/>
 +
5. Add <b>350 μl</b> Buffer <b>P3</b> and mix immediately and gently by inverting the tube 6-8 times. The solution should become cloudy. Centrifuge for <b>10 min</b> at<b> 12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g)</b> in a table-top microcentrifuge.<br/>
 +
Note: To avoid localized precipitation, mix the solution thoroughly, immediately after addition of Buffer <b>P3</b>. If there is still white precipitation in the supernatant, please centrifuge again.<br/>
 +
6. Transfer the supernatant from step 5 to the Spin Column <b>CP3</b> (place <b>CP3 </b>in a collection tube) by decanting or pipetting. Centrifuge for <b>30-60 s </b>at <b>12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g)</b>. Discard the flow-through and set the Spin Column <b>CP3 </b>back into the Collection Tube.<br/>
 +
7. (Optional, actually we hardly ever use) Wash the Spin Column <b>CP3 </b>by adding <b>500 μl</b> Buffer <b>PD </b>and centrifuge for <b>30-60 s</b> at <b>12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g)</b>. Discard the flow-through and put Spin Column <b>CP3 </b>back to the collection tube.<br/>
 +
This step is recommended to remove trace nuclease activity when using <b><i>endA+</i></b> strains such as the<b><i> JM series</i></b>, <b><i>HB101</i></b> and its derivatives, or any wild-type strain, which have high levels of nuclease activity or high carbohydrate content.<br/>
 +
8. Wash the Spin Column <b>CP3 </b>by adding <b>600 μl</b> Buffer <b>PW</b> (ensure that <b>ethanol (96%-100%)</b> has been added) and centrifuge for <b>30-60 s </b>at <b>12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g)</b>. Discard the flow-through, and put the Spin Colum<b> CP3</b> back into the Collection Tube.<br/>
 +
9. Repeat Step 8.<br/>
 +
10. Centrifuge for an additional <b>2 min</b> at <b>12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g) </b>to remove residual wash Buffer <b>PW</b>.<br/>
 +
Note: Residual ethanol from Buffer <b>PW </b>may inhibit subsequent enzymatic reactions. We suggest open <b>CP3 </b>lid and stay at room temperature for a while to get rid of residual ethanol.<br/>
 +
11. Place the Spin Column <b>CP3 </b>in a clean <b>1.5 ml </b>microcentrifuge tube. To elute DNA, add <b>50-100 μl</b> Buffer <b>EB </b>to the center of the Spin Column <b>CP3</b>, incubate for <b>2 min</b>, and centrifuge for <b>2 min</b> at <b>12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g)</b>.<br/>
 +
Note: If the volume of eluted buffer is less than <b>50 μl</b>, it may affect recovery efficiency. The pH value of eluted buffer will have some influence in eluting; Buffer <b>EB</b> or distilled water (<b>pH 7.0-8.5</b>) is suggested to elute plasmid DNA. For long-term storage of DNA, eluting in Buffer<b> EB</b> and storing at<b> -20°C</b> is recommended, since DNA stored in water is subject to acid hydrolysis. Repeat step 11 to increase plasmid recovery efficiency.
  
 
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<h1 class="entry-title">Week2(8/31/2016-9/6/2016)</h1>
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<h2 class="entry-title">2.DNA Purification</h2>
 
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<li>We linked the remained cut <b><i>CpxR-RFP</i></b> fragment into the skeleton and then transformed the recombinant <b><i>pUC57</i></b> and the <b><i>pET21a</i></b> into<b><i> E.coli</i></b> at the same time.</li>
+
We use the <b>TIANquick Midi Purification Kit</b> made by <b>TIANGEN Biotech Co.,Ltd.</b> to purify the DNA products of PCR and restriction endonuclease cutting. Here is the protocol.<br/>
 +
Add <b>ethanol (96-100%)</b> to Buffer <b>PW </b>before use (see bottle label for volume).<br/>
 +
1. Column equilibration: add <b>500 μl</b> Buffer <b>BL</b> to the Spin Column <b>CB2</b> (put Spin Column <b>CB2 </b>into a collection tube). Centrifuge for <b>1 min</b> at <b>12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g)</b>. Discard the flow-through, and then place Spin Column <b>CB2</b> back into the collection tube (please use freshly treated spin column).<br/>
 +
2. Add <b>5 volumes</b> of Buffer <b>PB</b> to <b>1 volume</b> of the PCR reaction or enzymatic reaction and mix. It is not necessary to remove mineral oil or kerosene.<br/>
 +
Note: For example, add <b>250 μl </b>Buffer <b>PB</b> to <b>50 μl</b> PCR reaction (not including oil).<br/>
 +
3. Transfer the mixture to the Spin Column<b> CB2</b>, incubate at room temperature (<b>15-25°C</b>) for <b>2 min</b>. Centrifuge for <b>30-60 s</b> at <b>12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g)</b> in a table-top microcentrifuge. Discard the flow-through, and then place Spin Column <b>CB2</b> back into the same collection tube.<br/>
 +
Note: The maximum loading volume of the column is <b>800 μl</b>. For sample volumes greater than <b>800 μl</b> simply load again.<br/>
 +
4. Add <b>600 μl</b> Buffer<b> PW</b> (ensure that <b>ethanol (96-100%)</b> has been added) to the Spin Column<b> CB2</b> and centrifuge for<b> 30-60 s</b> at <b>12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g)</b>. Discard the flow-through, and place Spin Column <b>CB2</b> back in the same collection tube.<br/>
 +
Note: If the purified DNA is used for the subsequent salt sensitive experiments, such as ligation or sequencing experiment, it is suggested to stand for<b> 2-5 min</b> after adding Buffer<b> PW</b>, and then centrifuge.<br/>
 +
5. Repeat step 4.<br/>
 +
6. Centrifuge at <b>12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g)</b> for <b>2 min </b>to remove residual Buffer<b> PW</b>. Discard the flow-through, and allow the column to air dry with the cap open for several minutes to dry the membrane.<br/>
 +
Note: Residual ethanol from Buffer <b>PW</b> may inhibit subsequent experiment (enzymatic or PCR reactions).<br/>
 +
7. Place the Spin Column <b>CB2</b> in a clean <b>1.5 ml</b> microcentrifuge tube. Add<b> 30-50 μl </b>Buffer <b>EB</b> to the center of membrane, incubate for <b>2 min</b>, and centrifuge for <b>2 min</b> at <b>12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g)</b>.<br/>
 +
Note: If the volume of eluted buffer is less than <b>30 μl</b>, it may affect recovery efficiency. The pH value of eluted buffer will have big influence in eluting; distilled water (<b>pH 7.0-8.5</b>, adjusted with<b> NaOH</b>) is suggested to elute plasmid DNA, <b>pH<7.0</b> will decrease elution efficiency. For long-term storage of DNA, eluting in Buffer <b>EB</b> and storing at <b>-20°C </b>is recommended, since DNA stored in water is subject to acid hydrolysis. Repeat step 7 to increase plasmid recovery efficiency.
  
−
<li>The transformation last night turned to be a failure. We tried it again.</li>
 
−
<li>The transformation last day seemed to be successful for the colonies were visible in LB+Amp plate. However, we use PCR to verify and it turned out that the fragment had not been linked into the plasmid.</li>
 
−
<li>We finally gave up the former design and decided to link the<b><i> PETase</i></b> gene into the plasmid<b><i> pUC19</i></b>. However, we did not have the key enzyme <b><i>Sal1</i></b> so we started to construct the TPA positive feedback system.</li>
 
−
<li>We first prepared the TPA standard solution (5g/L) for further use. Then we use PCR to amplify the <b><i>TPA-sensing leader sequence</i></b>,<b><i> PGK1 promoter</i></b>, <b><i>CYC1 terminator</i></b>, <b><i>RFP gene</i></b>, TPA regulation protein gene (<b><i>tpaR</i></b>), TPA transporting protein gene (<b><i>tpaK</i></b>). Then we cut the fragments above and plasmid <b><i>pRS413</i></b>, <b><i>pRS415</i></b>, and <b><i>pYES2</i></b> with corresponding enzymes and recycled the fragments from agarose gel.</li>
 
−
<li>We linked the fragments together by this way:<br/>
 
−
<b><i>1. pYES2-leader-PGK1-RFP.<br/>
 
−
2. pRS413-PGK1-tpaK-CYC1.<br/>
 
−
3. pRS415-PGK1-tpaR-CYC1</i></b>
 
−
</li> 
 
−
<li>Then we used PCR to verify the success and all of the plasmids were correctly constructed. Then we transformed the there plasmids into <b><i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i></b>.
 
−
</li>
 
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<li>The key enzyme <b><i>Sal1</i></b> arrived and we isolate the plasmid <b><i>pET21a</i></b>. Then we use <b><i>BamH1</i></b> and <b><i>Sal1</i></b> to cut both plasmid and <b><i>PETase</i></b> gene, then linked them together and transformed the recombinant plasmid into <b><i>E.coli</i></b>.</li>
 
 
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<a class="expand-btn2">Show More</a>
 
<a class="expand-btn2">Show More</a>
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<article id="post-4252" class="post-4252 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-150 tag-174 tag-xinjiang tag-173">
 
<article id="post-4252" class="post-4252 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-150 tag-174 tag-xinjiang tag-173">
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<h1 class="entry-title">Week3(9/7/2016-9/13/2016)</h1>
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<h2 class="entry-title">3.Agarose Gel Electrophoresis Products Recycling</h2>
 
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<li>We cultured the transformed<b><i> E.coli</i></b> and isolated the plasmid. Then we use PCR to amplify the whole fragment in <b><i>pET21a</i></b> from <b><i>T7 promoter</i></b> to <b><i>T7 terminator</i></b>. Then we recycled this fragment from agarose gel.</li>
+
We use the <b>TIANgel Midi DNA Purification Kit</b> made by <b>TIANGEN Biotech Co.,Ltd.</b> to recycle the DNA products from the agarose gel. Here is the protocol.<br/>
−
<li>The transformed <b><i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i></b> had grown to visible colony in Sc-Ura-Leu-His plate. Then we use colony PCR to verify the plasmids had been transformed into the cells. The result is successful so that we streaked more plates.</li>
+
Add <b>ethanol (96-100%)</b> to Buffer <b>PW</b> before use (see bottle label for volume).<br/>
−
<li>We cut the <b><i>T7 promoter-PETase gene-T7 terminator</i></b> fragment with enzymes <b><i>EcoR1</i></b> and <b><i>Sac1</i></b>. Then we linked it to the already cut plasmid <b><i>pUC19</i></b> (cut in August 28th). Then we transformed the recombinant plasmid into<b><i> E.coli</i></b>.</li>
+
1. Column equilibration: add <b>500 μl</b> Buffer <b>BL</b> to the Spin Column <b>CA2 </b>(put Spin Column <b>CA2 </b>into a collection tube). Centrifuge for<b> 1 min</b> at <b>12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g)</b> in a table-top microcentrifuge. Discard the flow-through, and put Spin Column<b> CA2</b> back into the collection tube (please use freshly treated spin column).<br/>
−
<li>We cultured the transformed <b><i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i></b> into Sc-Ura-Leu-His culture medium in 30℃. We added TPA standard solution in this way:<br/>
+
2. Cut the DNA fragment from agarose gel with a clean, sharp scalpel. Weigh the gel slice in a clean tube. <br/>
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1. Group 1: did not add TPA.<br/>
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3. Add equivalent volume of Buffer <b>PN </b>to the gel (If the gel is <b>0.1 g</b>, it is defaulted to be <b>100 μl</b>, then add <b>100 μl </b>Buffer <b>PN</b>). Incubate at<b> 50°C</b> by inverting up and down the tube until the agarose gel dissolves completely. If the agarose gel does not dissolve completely, incubate for longer period or add additional Buffer <b>PN </b>until all the agarose gel dissolved completely (If the agarose gel is too large, please cut the agarose gel into several pieces in advance). <br/>
−
2. Group 2: added 1000μL TPA standard solution.<br/>
+
Note: If DNA fragment is <b><300 bp</b>, it is recommended to add isopropanol which is <b>1/2 volume </b>of Buffer <b>PN</b> to the agarose gel sample after the gel completely dissolved. Cooling the solution at room temperature (<b>15-25°C</b>) and then add the solution to Spin Column <b>CA2 </b>since silica membrane of the column adsorbs DNA best at room temperature. <br/>
−
3. Group 3: added 100μL TPA standard solution.<br/>
+
4. When the gel dissolved completely and the solution temperature turns to room temperature (<b>15-25°C</b>), transfer the mixture to the Spin Column<b> CA2</b> (put Spin Column <b>CA2</b> into a collection tube). Let the column stand for <b>2 min</b> at room temperature (<b>15-25°C</b>), then centrifuge for <b>30-60 s</b> at <b>12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g)</b> in a table-top microcentrifuge. Discard the flow-through; place the Spin Column <b>CA2 </b>back into the collection tube again. <br/>
−
4. Group 4: added 10μL TPA standard solution.<br/>
+
Note: The maximum loading volume of the column is<b> 800 μl</b>. For sample volumes greater than <b>800 μl</b> simply load again.<br/>
−
5.Group 5: added 1μL TPA standard solution.
+
5. Wash the Spin Column <b>CA2</b> with <b>600 μl</b> Buffer <b>PW </b>(ensure that <b>ethanol (96-100%)</b> has been added) and centrifuge for <b>30-60 s</b> at <b>12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g)</b>. Discard the flow-through and place the Spin Column <b>CA2</b> back into the collection tube. <br/>
−
</li>  
+
Note: If the purified DNA is used for the salt sensitive experiments, such as direct sequencing and blunt-ended ligation, let the column stand for <b>2-5 min</b> after adding Buffer<b> PW</b>, and then centrifuge. <br/>
−
<li>We cultured the transformed <b><i>E.coli</i></b> into LB+Amp culture medium. Then add 1.5μL IPTG to induce the expression of <b><i>PETase</i></b> gene.</li>
+
6. Repeat Step 5. <br/>
−
<li>We first detected the red fluorescence of <b><i>E.coli</i></b>, however, the experiment group had almost no increase of red fluorescence relative to control group. We changed the induction wavelength and scan the whole wavelength of emission, but we did not receive any result we expected.</li>
+
7. Place the Spin Column<b> CA2</b> back to the collection tube and centrifuge at <b>12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g)</b> for <b>2 min </b>to remove residual wash buffer. Discard the flow-through, and place column with the cap open for several minutes to air dry the membrane. <br/>
−
<li>The TPA positive feedback system seemed to have minor effection for there were a little increment of red fluorescence of the 5th group relative to the 1st one.</li>
+
Note: Residual ethanol from Buffer <b>PW</b> will influence the subsequent enzymatic reaction (enzyme digestion, PCR etc). <br/>
−
<li>We doubted that it might be the<b><i> RFP</i></b> in the kit was useless. We isolated the <b><i>pET21a</i></b> and used PCR to amplify the <b><i>RFP </i></b>gene.</li>        
+
8. Transfer the Spin Column<b> CA2</b> to a clean <b>1.5 ml</b> microcentrifuge tube. Add appropriate volume of Buffer<b> EB </b>to the center of the membrane, incubate at room temperature (<b>15-25°C</b>) for <b>2 min</b>, then centrifuge at <b>12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g)</b> for <b>2 min</b>. <br/>
−
<li>We cut the <b><i>RFP</i></b> gene and <b><i>pET21a</i></b> with enzymes <b><i>Xba1</i></b> and <b><i>Sac1</i></b>, then we linked them and transformed it into <b><i>E.coli</i></b>.</li>      
+
Note: The elution volume should not be less than <b>30 μl</b> since smaller volume will affect recovery efficiency. The pH value of eluted buffer will affect eluting. If purified DNA is used for sequencing, it is recommended to choose ddH<sub>2</sub>O (<b>pH 7.0-8.5</b>) to elute DNA,    <b>pH<7.0</b> will decrease the elution efficiency. Obtained DNA should be stored at<b> -20°C</b> to prevent degradation. Buffer (<b>10 mM Tris-Cl, pH 8.0</b>) could also be used for DNA elution. For higher yield, pipette the eluate to the center of the membrane again, incubate <b>2 min</b> and centrifuge at <b>12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g)</b> for <b>2 min</b>.
−
<li>We cultured the transformed <b><i>E.coli</i></b> and added IPTG to induce the expression of<b><i> RFP</i></b>, and this time the red fluorescence was clear enough that could be seen directly.</li>
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<div id="Week4"></div>
 
 
<article id="post-4252" class="post-4252 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-150 tag-174 tag-xinjiang tag-173">
 
<article id="post-4252" class="post-4252 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-150 tag-174 tag-xinjiang tag-173">
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<h1 class="entry-title">Week4(9/14/2016-9/20/2016)</h1>
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<h2 class="entry-title">4.Agarose Gel Electrophoresis</h2>
 
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<li>We started to construct another regulation way, the <b><i>E.coli</i></b> lysis regulation pathway. We first used colony PCR to obtain the <b><i>ddpX</i></b> gene from the <b><i>E.coli</i></b> genome and recycled the <b><i>ddpX</i></b> from the agarose gel.</li>
+
1. Preparation of <b>TAE buffer</b>: Add <b>242g Tris, 37.2g Na2EDTA·2H2O, 800mL ddH<sub>2</sub>O</b>, after all the solute dissolve, add <b>57.1mL acetic acid </b>and add <b>ddH<sub>2</sub>O</b> to make the total volume <b>1L</b>.<br/>
 +
2. Preparation of sample: Add <b>DNA loading buffer</b> to the DNA solution according to the dilution ratio of particular buffer.<br/>
 +
3. Preparation of agarose gel: Add <b>agarose powder 10g/L, 1×TAE buffer 100mL </b>(variable, according to need), heat the mixture by microwave oven until the agarose was dissolved. After the solution cool down to touchable temperature, add <b>50-100μL/L Goldenview Nucleic acid dye</b> to the solution. Then pour the solution to the gel mould with gel comb inserted and wait for its concretion.<br/>
 +
4. Add samples to the gel pore: After the formation of gel, pull out the gel comb and take the gel out of the mould. Immerge the gel with <b>1×TAE buffer</b> in the electrophoresis chamber. Using pipette to add marker and samples to different pore. (The content of pore depends on the gel comb, there are 3 kinds of volume, <b>10μL, 20μL, and 50μL</b>) Do not stick the bottom and side of gel pore to prevent the leakage. <br/>
 +
5. Turn on the electrical source to start the electrophoresis, the voltage is set at <b>150-160V</b> and the electrophoresis time is set at <b>8-12min</b>.<br/>
 +
6. After the electrophoresis process end, the gel is observed under <b>blue light or ultraviolet</b>.
  
−
<li>We found that there was no enzyme cleavage site between the<b><i> CpxR</i></b> promoter and <b><i>RFP</i></b> gene in the part we use. We had to design the primers and amplified the <b><i>CpxR</i></b> promoter by PCR.</li>
 
−
<li>We used PCR to amplify the<b><i> CpxR</i></b> promoter. Then we recycled it from agarose gel.</li>
 
−
<li>We cut the<b><i> CpxR</i></b> promoter with enzymes <b><i>Xba1</i></b> and<b><i> BamH1</i></b>, <b><i>ddpX</i></b> gene with enzymes <b><i>BamH1</i></b> and<b><i> EcoR1</i></b>, first batch of <b><i>pET21a</i></b> with<b><i> Xba1</i></b> and<b><i> EcoR1</i></b>, second batch of <b><i>pET21a</i></b> with<b><i> BamH1</i></b> and <b><i>EcoR1</i></b>.</li>
 
−
<li>Then we linked these fragment in the following two ways:<br/>
 
−
<b><i>1. pET21a-CpxR-ddpX.<br/>
 
−
2. pET21a-ddpX.</i></b>
 
−
</li>           
 
 
          
 
          
  
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−
<!------------------------------------week4 end------------------------------------------------>
 
  
−
 
−
 
−
 
−
<!------------------------------------week5 start------------------------------------------------>
 
−
<div id="Week5"></div>
 
 
<article id="post-4252" class="post-4252 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-150 tag-174 tag-xinjiang tag-173">
 
<article id="post-4252" class="post-4252 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-150 tag-174 tag-xinjiang tag-173">
−
<h1 class="entry-title">Week5(9/21/2016-9/27/2016)</h1>
+
<h2 class="entry-title">5.Restriction Endonuclease Digestion</h2>
 
<div class="entry-content">
 
<div class="entry-content">
 
 
Line 223: Line 241:
 
<div class="note-content5">
 
<div class="note-content5">
  
−
<li>We used PCR to amplify the whole fragments in<b><i> pET21a</i></b> (from <b><i>CpxR </i></b>to <b><i>T7 terminator</i></b>). However, the band in the agarose gel was disperse so that we were unable to recycle it.</li>
+
Prepare the system:
−
 
+
<li>Total volume: <b>50μL</b></li>
−
<li>We used colony PCR to verify if the <b><i>pET21a</i></b> had been correctly constructed, the result is yes.</li>
+
<li>Restriction endonuclease:<b> 2μL</b> respectively</li>
−
<li>We changed the DNA polymerase and annealing temperature several times and redid the PCR, however, the disperse band were always existed.</li>
+
<li>10×Cut Smart Buffer:<b> 5μL</b></li>
−
<li>We cultured the <b><i>E.coli</i></b> transformed into the <b><i>pET21a-ddpX</i></b> fragment and detect the OD600 in order to verify the lysis effection of <b><i>ddpX</i></b>. </li>
+
<li>DNA to be cut: <b>30μL</b></li>
−
<li>Considering the <b><i>pYES2</i></b> is multicopy plasmid so that the copy number would affect the <b><i>RFP</i></b> expression level, we decided to change the <b><i>pYES2</i></b> to single-copy plasmid <b><i>pRS416</i></b>. Since the <b><i>pRS416</i></b> does not have terminator in its backbone, we used PCR to amplify the <b><i>CYC1</i></b> terminator from plasmid <b><i>pYES2</i></b>.</li>          
+
<li>ddH<sub>2</sub>O:<b> 13μL</b></li>
−
<li>We cut the <b><i>pYES2</i></b> with enzyme <b><i>Hind3</i></b> and <b><i>EcoR1</i></b>, <b><i>CYC1</i></b> with<b><i> EcoR1</i></b> and <b><i>Sal1</i></b>,<b><i> pRS416</i></b> with <b><i>Hind3</i></b> and<b><i> Sal1</i></b>. Then we linked the three part together.</li>       
+
<br/>
−
<li>We transformed the three plasmids into <b><i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i></b> together. </li>
+
<li>Reaction time: <b>2h</b></li>
−
<li>The new primers using to amplify the<b><i> CpxR-ddpX-T7</i></b> terminator fragment arrived and we redid the PCR. However, the disperse band was still existed. </li>
+
<li>Reaction temperature: <b>37℃</b></li>
−
<li>The transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae turned out to be a failure because no colony was found on the Sc-Ura-Leu-His plate. </li>
+
 
        
 
        
 
          
 
          
Line 250: Line 267:
  
  
−
<!------------------------------------week5 end------------------------------------------------>
+
     
−
+
−
+
  
−
<!------------------------------------week6 start------------------------------------------------>       
 
−
<div id="Week6"></div>
 
 
         <article id="post-4252" class="post-4252 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-150 tag-174 tag-xinjiang tag-173">
 
         <article id="post-4252" class="post-4252 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-150 tag-174 tag-xinjiang tag-173">
 
<header class="entry-header">
 
<header class="entry-header">
−
<h1 class="entry-title">Week6(9/28/2016-10/2/2016)</h1>
+
<h2 class="entry-title">6.DNA Fragments Ligation</h2>
 
</header><!-- .entry-header -->
 
</header><!-- .entry-header -->
  
Line 266: Line 279:
 
<div class="note-content6">
 
<div class="note-content6">
  
−
<li>We redid the inclusion body reporting experiment, and this time we directly observed the color of bacterial after centrifugation (12000rpm, 1min). The group with <b><i>PETase</i></b> gene and <b><i>CpxR-RFP</i></b> fragment showed the deepest red.</li>
+
Prepare the system:
 +
<li>Total volume: <b>20μL</b></li>
 +
<li>T4 DNA ligase: <b>1μL</b> </li>
 +
<li>5×Ligase Buffer:<b> 4μL</b></li>
 +
<li>DNA to be linked: <b>(c1V1/L1): (c2V2/L2)=5:1</b>. (c1: Concentration of cut DNA fragments; c2: Concentration of cut plasmid; V1: Volume of cut DNA fragments; V2: Volume of cut plasmid; L1: Length of cut DNA fragments; L2: Length of cut plasmid)</li>
 +
<li>ddH<sub>2</sub>O: add to make the total volume <b>20μL</b></li>
 +
<br/>
 +
<li>Reaction time:<b> 2h</b></li>
 +
<li>Reaction temperature: <b>22℃</b></li>
 +
 
  
 
        
 
        
Line 276: Line 298:
 
</div><!-- .entry-content -->
 
</div><!-- .entry-content -->
  
 +
 +
 +
        <article id="post-4252" class="post-4252 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-150 tag-174 tag-xinjiang tag-173">
 +
<header class="entry-header">
 +
<h2 class="entry-title">7.PCR</h2>
 +
</header><!-- .entry-header -->
 +
 +
<div class="entry-content">
 
 
−
       
+
<div class="note-content7">
 +
 
 +
Prepare the system:
 +
<li>Total volume: <b>50μL</b></li>
 +
<li>Q5 DNA Polymerase: <b>0.5μL</b></li>
 +
<li>5×Q5 DNA Polymerase Buffer: <b>10μL</b></li>
 +
<li>Template: <b>1μL</b></li>
 +
<li>dNTP:<b> 1μL</b></li>
 +
<li>Primers: Sense Primer and Anti-sense Primer, respectively <b>2.5μL</b></li>
 +
<li>ddH<sub>2</sub>O: <b>32.5μL</b></li>
 +
<br/>
 +
<li>Cycles: <b>25-35</b></li>
 +
<li>Pre-denaturation:<b> 98℃,30s</b></li>
 +
<li>Denaturation: <b>98℃,5-10s</b></li>
 +
<li>Annealing: Depend on the primers, generally <b>45-65℃,10-30s</b></li>
 +
<li>Extension: <b>72℃,20-30s/kb</b></li>
 +
<li>Fully extension: <b>72℃,2min</b></li>
 +
<li>Product Storage: <b>4℃</b></li>
 +
<li>Note: Different DNA polymerase has different protocol, this is only the case of Q5 DNA polymerase.</li>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
     
 +
       
 +
 
 +
</div>
 +
<a class="expand-btn7">Show More</a>
 +
 
 +
</div><!-- .entry-content -->
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
<article id="post-4252" class="post-4252 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-150 tag-174 tag-xinjiang tag-173">
 +
<header class="entry-header">
 +
<h2 class="entry-title">8.Colony PCR</h2>
 +
</header><!-- .entry-header -->
 +
 
 +
<div class="entry-content">
 
 
 +
<div class="note-content8">
  
−
<!------------------------------------week6 end------------------------------------------------>
+
Prepare the system:
 +
<li>Total volume: <b>20μL</b></li>
 +
<li>Colony PCR System: 2×Taq Master Mix (Dye added) <b>10μL</b></li>
 +
<li>Primers: Sense Primer and Anti-sense Primer, respectively <b>1μL</b></li>
 +
<li>ddH<sub>2</sub>O: <b>8μL</b></li>
 +
<li>select single colony with stick and immerse the stick into the system for <b>1 min</b>. Preparing the bacterial liquid and then add 1μL of it is also feasible.
 +
</li><br/>
 +
<li>Cycles:<b> 25-35</b></li>
 +
<li>Pre-denaturation: <b>94℃,5min</b></li>
 +
<li>Denaturation:<b> 94℃,30s</b></li>
 +
<li>Annealing: Depend on the primers, generally <b>45-65℃,20-60s</b></li>
 +
<li>Extension:<b> 72℃</b>, depend on the length of amplified fragment, generally <b>20-60s</b></li>
 +
<li>Fully extension: <b>72℃,7min</b></li>
 +
<li>Product Storage: <b>4℃</b></li>
 +
<br/>
 +
Note: Preparation of bacteria liquid
 +
Prepare the system:
 +
<li>Total volume: <b>50μL</b></li>
 +
<li>ddH<sub>2</sub>O: <b>50μL</b></li>
 +
<li>select single colony with stick and immerse the stick into the system for <b>1 min</b>
 +
</li><br/>
 +
<li>Cycles:<b> 3-4</b></li>
 +
<li>Pre-denaturation: <b>99℃,4min</b></li>
 +
<li>Renaturation: <b>4℃,4min</b></li>
 +
<li>Product Storage: <b>4℃</b></li>
  
  
 +
</div>
 +
<a class="expand-btn8">Show More</a>
  
 +
</div><!-- .entry-content -->
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
<article id="post-4252" class="post-4252 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-150 tag-174 tag-xinjiang tag-173">
 +
<header class="entry-header">
 +
<h2 class="entry-title">9.TransT1 Transformation</h2>
 +
</header><!-- .entry-header -->
 +
 +
<div class="entry-content">
 +
 +
<div class="note-content9">
 +
 +
1. Mix <b>50μL</b> competent <i>E.coli</i> cell with <b>10μL</b> plasmids, and place them in ice bath for <b>30 min</b>.<br/>
 +
2. Heat shock at <b>42℃</b> for <b>30 s</b>.<br/>
 +
3. Put the system back on ice for <b>2 min</b>.<br/>
 +
4. Add <b>500 μl</b> of LB without antibiotics and incubate at <b>37 ℃</b> for <b>30-60 min</b> with the shaking speed of <b>200rpm</b>.<br/>
 +
5. Centrifuge the culture medium at <b>4000 rpm</b> for <b>3min</b>.<br/>
 +
6. Discard the supernatant and resuspend the sediment, use this resuspending liquid to spread the plate with antibiotics.
 +
 +
 +
 +
</div>
 +
<a class="expand-btn9">Show More</a>
 +
 +
</div><!-- .entry-content -->
 +
<br/><br/>
 +
<div class="entry-title" align="center" style="font-size:42px">Protocols for Microbial Consortia</div>
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
<article id="post-4252" class="post-4252 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-150 tag-174 tag-xinjiang tag-173">
 +
<header class="entry-header">
 +
<h2 class="entry-title">1.16s-DNA </h2>
 +
</header><!-- .entry-header -->
 +
 +
<div class="entry-content">
 +
 +
<div class="note-content11">
 +
 +
Prepare the system:
 +
<li>Total volume: <b>20μL</b></li>
 +
<li>Colony PCR System: 2×Taq Master Mix (Dye added) <b>10μL</b></li>
 +
<li>ddH<sub>2</sub>O: <b>8.2μL</b></li>
 +
<li>primer: <b>0.4μL </b> each</li>
 +
<li>bacteria liquid:<b>1μL</b></li>
 +
<li>The primer could copy the special 16s-DNA from this kind of bacteria.</li>
 +
<li>The bacteria liquid is pretreatment. </li>
 +
<br/>
 +
<li>Cycles:<b> 25-35</b></li>
 +
<li>Pre-denaturation: <b>94℃,2min</b></li>
 +
<li>Denaturation: <b>94℃,30s</b></li>
 +
<li>Annealing: Depend on the primers, generally <b>45-65℃,20-60s</b></li>
 +
<li>Extension: <b>72℃</b>, depend on the length of amplified fragment, generally <b>20-60s</b></li>
 +
<li>Fully extension: <b>72℃,4min</b></li>
 +
<li>Product Storage:<b> 4℃</b></li>
 +
 +
 +
 +
</div>
 +
<a class="expand-btn11">Show More</a>
 +
 +
</div><!-- .entry-content -->
 +
 +
 +
<article id="post-4252" class="post-4252 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-150 tag-174 tag-xinjiang tag-173">
 +
<header class="entry-header">
 +
<h2 class="entry-title">2. Preparation of W medium </h2>
 +
</header><!-- .entry-header -->
 +
 +
<div class="entry-content">
 +
 +
<div class="note-content15">
 +
 +
Initial medium
 +
<b><li>KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>: 1.7 g/L</li>
 +
<li>Na<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub>: 9.8 g/L</li>
 +
<li>(NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>: 1.0 g/L</li>
 +
<li>MgSO<sub>4</sub>·7H<sub>2</sub>O: 0.1 g/L</li>
 +
<li>FeSO<sub>4</sub>·7H<sub>2</sub>O: 0.95 mg/L</li>
 +
<li>MgO: 10.75 mg/L</li>
 +
<li>CaCO<sub>3</sub>: 2.0 mg/L</li>
 +
<li>ZnSO<sub>4</sub>·7H<sub>2</sub>O: 1.44 mg/L</li>
 +
<li>CuSO<sub>4</sub>·5H<sub>2</sub>O: 0.25 mg/L</li>
 +
<li>CoSO<sub>4</sub>·7H<sub>2</sub>O: 0.25 mg/L</li>
 +
<li>H<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3</sub>: 0.06 mg/L</li>
 +
<li>HCl: 51.3ml/L</li></b>
 +
<br/>
 +
 +
We modify initial formula for convenience, and modified formula is shown as following table:
 +
 +
<b><li>KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>: 1.7 g/L</li>
 +
<li>Na<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub>: 9.8 g/L</li>
 +
<li>(NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO4: 1.0 g/L</li>
 +
<li>NH<sub>4</sub>Cl: 0.865 g/L</li>
 +
<li>MgSO<sub>4</sub>·7H<sub>2</sub>O: 0.1 g/L</li>
 +
<li>MgCl<sub>2</sub>: 0.025 g/L</li>
 +
<li>Mother solution: 1 ml/L</li></b>
 +
<br/>
 +
Formula of mother solution
 +
<b><li>FeSO<sub>4</sub>·7H<sub>2</sub>O: 0.95 g/L</li>
 +
<li>CoCl<sub>2</sub>·6H<sub>2</sub>O: 0.236 g/L</li>
 +
<li>CaCl<sub>2</sub>: 2.22 g/L</li>
 +
<li>ZnSO<sub>4</sub>·7H<sub>2</sub>O: 1.44 g/L</li>
 +
<li>CuSO<sub>4</sub>: 0.16 g/L</li>
 +
<li>H<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3</sub>: 0.06 g/L</li></b>
 +
 +
 +
 +
</div>
 +
<a class="expand-btn15">Show More</a>
 +
 +
</div><!-- .entry-content -->
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
<div class="entry-title" align="center" style="font-size:42px">Protocols for Protein Engineering</div>       
 +
 +
 +
<article id="post-4252" class="post-4252 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-150 tag-174 tag-xinjiang tag-173">
 +
<header class="entry-header">
 +
<h2 class="entry-title">1.Preparation of the optimized yeast culture medium </h2>
 +
</header><!-- .entry-header -->
 +
 +
<div class="entry-content">
 +
 +
<div class="note-content23">
 +
 +
<b><li>Glucose:22g/L</li>
 +
<li>Yeast Nitrogen Base:6.7g/L</li>
 +
<li>Dispense mixture:1.224g/L</li>
 +
<li>Agar:15g/L</li>
 +
<li>His/Trp/Leu mixed solution:10ml/L</li></b>
 +
 +
 +
 +
</div>
 +
<a class="expand-btn23">Show More</a>
 +
 +
</div><!-- .entry-content -->
 +
 +
 +
 +
<article id="post-4252" class="post-4252 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-150 tag-174 tag-xinjiang tag-173">
 +
<header class="entry-header">
 +
<h2 class="entry-title">2.pNPA assay</h2>
 +
</header><!-- .entry-header -->
 +
 +
<div class="entry-content">
 +
 +
<div class="note-content24">
 +
A Buffer 
 +
<b><li>Glycerol:400μl</li>
 +
<li> Gal:1000μl</li>
 +
<li>SC-Ura:3600μl</li></b>
 +
B Buffer:
 +
<b><li>10mM pNPA Buffer:50μl</li>
 +
<li> PBS(pH=7.4):98μl</li></b>
 +
 +
 +
 +
</div>
 +
<a class="expand-btn24">Show More</a>
 +
 +
</div><!-- .entry-content -->
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
<div class="entry-title" align="center" style="font-size:42px">Protocols for Cell-Free Protein Synthesis</div>       
 +
 +
 +
<article id="post-4252" class="post-4252 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-150 tag-174 tag-xinjiang tag-173">
 +
<header class="entry-header">
 +
<h2 class="entry-title">1.Cell-free protein synthesis system(50 µL) </h2>
 +
</header><!-- .entry-header -->
 +
 +
<div class="entry-content">
 +
 +
<div class="note-content12">
 +
 +
<li>ddH<sub>2</sub>O:<b>7.9µL</b></li>
 +
<li>Feeding buffer :  <b>25µL</b></li>
 +
<li>Mg<sup>2+</sup> solution  :  <b>1.1µL</b></li>
 +
<li>Gene( plasmid as template) :<b> 1µL</b></li>
 +
<li>Lysate  :  <b>15µL</b></li>
 +
 +
 +
 +
</div>
 +
<a class="expand-btn12">Show More</a>
 +
 +
</div><!-- .entry-content -->
 +
 +
 +
 +
<article id="post-4252" class="post-4252 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-150 tag-174 tag-xinjiang tag-173">
 +
<header class="entry-header">
 +
<h2 class="entry-title">2.Preparation of pNPA degradation reaction system </h2>
 +
</header><!-- .entry-header -->
 +
 +
<div class="entry-content">
 +
 +
<div class="note-content13">
 +
 +
Substrate: <b>0.2mM pNPA </b>water solution (<b>0.0362g pNPA </b>dissolving in ddH<sub>2</sub>O)<br/>
 +
Reaction system: <b>10 times</b> diluted Enzyme solution(unpurified) mixed with the equal volume substrate. (<b>pH=7</b>)<br/>
 +
After static reaction at <b>39℃ </b>for <b>8 hours</b>, we detected the characteristic adsorption peak of the product ,pNP, which has no other characteristic adsorption peak except in <b>400nm</b>.
 +
 +
 +
</div>
 +
<a class="expand-btn13">Show More</a>
 +
 +
</div><!-- .entry-content -->
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
<article id="post-4252" class="post-4252 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-150 tag-174 tag-xinjiang tag-173">
 +
<header class="entry-header">
 +
<h2 class="entry-title">3.Preparation of PET degradation reaction system </h2>
 +
</header><!-- .entry-header -->
 +
 +
<div class="entry-content">
 +
 +
<div class="note-content14">
 +
 +
Reaction system: PET was put into <b>20 times </b>diluted Enzyme solution(unpurified).(<b>pH=7</b>)<br/>
 +
After static reaction at <b>39℃</b> for <b>2 days</b>, we detected the characteristic adsorption peak of the product ,MHET, which has no other characteristic adsorption peak except in <b>260nm</b>. And detect it every other day in the future 3-4 days.
 +
 +
 +
</div>
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<a class="expand-btn14">Show More</a>
 +
 +
</div><!-- .entry-content -->
 +
 +
 +
 +
<div class="entry-title" align="center" style="font-size:42px">Protocols for Cyanobacteria</div> 
 +
 +
 +
 +
<article id="post-4252" class="post-4252 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-150 tag-174 tag-xinjiang tag-173">
 +
<header class="entry-header">
 +
<h2 class="entry-title">1.Restriction Endonuclease Cutting and Dephosphorylation </h2>
 +
</header><!-- .entry-header -->
 +
 +
<div class="entry-content">
 +
 +
<div class="note-content16">
 +
 +
Prepare the system:
 +
<li>Total volume: <b>100μL</b></li>
 +
<li>Restriction endonuclease :<b> 3μL respectively</b></li>
 +
<li>10×fastdigest Buffer:<b> 10μL</b></li>
 +
<li>Plasmids to be cut: <b>2μg</b></li>
 +
<li>ddH<sub>2</sub>O: add to make the total volume <b>100μL</b></li>
 +
<br/>
 +
<li>fast AP: add when reacting for <b>1.5h</b></li>
 +
<li>Total reaction time: <b>2h</b></li>
 +
<li>Reaction temperature:<b> 37℃</b></li>
 +
 +
 +
</div>
 +
<a class="expand-btn16">Show More</a>
 +
 +
</div><!-- .entry-content -->
 +
 +
 +
<article id="post-4252" class="post-4252 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-150 tag-174 tag-xinjiang tag-173">
 +
<header class="entry-header">
 +
<h2 class="entry-title">2.Phosphorylation </h2>
 +
</header><!-- .entry-header -->
 +
 +
<div class="entry-content">
 +
 +
<div class="note-content17">
 +
 +
Prepare the system:
 +
<li>Total volume: <b>20μL</b></li>
 +
<li>ATP:<b>2μL</b></li>
 +
<li>10×Buffer A:<b>2μL</b></li>
 +
<li>PNK:<b>1μL</b></li>
 +
<li>ddH<sub>2</sub>O: add to make the total volume<b> 200μL</b></li>
 +
<br/>
 +
<li>Reaction time:<b>0.5h</b></li>
 +
<li>Reaction temperature:<b> 37℃</b></li>
 +
 +
 +
</div>
 +
<a class="expand-btn17">Show More</a>
 +
 +
</div><!-- .entry-content -->
 +
 +
 +
 +
<article id="post-4252" class="post-4252 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-150 tag-174 tag-xinjiang tag-173">
 +
<header class="entry-header">
 +
<h2 class="entry-title">3.Ligation of Phosphorylated DNA Fragments and Dephosphorylated Plasmids </h2>
 +
</header><!-- .entry-header -->
 +
 +
<div class="entry-content">
 +
 +
<div class="note-content18">
 +
 +
Prepare the system:
 +
<li>Total volume: <b>20μL</b></li>
 +
<li>DNA fragment: <b>3μL</b></li>
 +
<li>Plasmids to be ligase : <b>1μL</b></li>
 +
<li>T4 Buffer:<b> 2μL</b></li>
 +
<li>PEG4000:<b>2μL</b></li>
 +
<li>T4 DNA ligase: <b>1μL </b></li>
 +
<li>PCR H<sub>2</sub>O:<b>11μL</b></li>
 +
<br/>
 +
<li>Reaction time:<b> >1h</b></li>
 +
<li>Reaction temperature:<b> 22℃</b></li>
 +
 +
 +
 +
</div>
 +
<a class="expand-btn18">Show More</a>
 +
 +
</div><!-- .entry-content -->
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
<article id="post-4252" class="post-4252 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-150 tag-174 tag-xinjiang tag-173">
 +
<header class="entry-header">
 +
<h2 class="entry-title">4.A-Tailing Reaction </h2>
 +
</header><!-- .entry-header -->
 +
 +
<div class="entry-content">
 +
 +
<div class="note-content19">
 +
 +
Prepare the system:
 +
<li>Total volume:<b> 20μL</b></li>
 +
<li>Talling-A reaction Buffer:<b> 4μL</b></li>
 +
<li>DNA fragment: <b>15μL</b></li>
 +
<li>Taq DNA Polymerase: <b>1μL</b></li>
 +
<br/>
 +
<li>Reaction time: <b>>0.5h</b></li>
 +
<li>Reaction temperature: <b>72℃</b></li>
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
</div>
 +
<a class="expand-btn19">Show More</a>
 +
 +
</div><!-- .entry-content -->
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
<article id="post-4252" class="post-4252 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-150 tag-174 tag-xinjiang tag-173">
 +
<header class="entry-header">
 +
<h2 class="entry-title">5.TA cloning </h2>
 +
</header><!-- .entry-header -->
 +
 +
<div class="entry-content">
 +
 +
<div class="note-content20">
 +
 +
Prepare the system:
 +
<li>Total volume:<b> 10μL</b></li>
 +
<li>5×Buffer:<b>2μL</b></li>
 +
<li>Vector:<b>0.5μL</b></li>
 +
<li>DNA fragment:<b> 7μL</b></li>
 +
<li>T4 DNA ligase:<b> 0.5μL</b> </li>
 +
<br/>
 +
<li>Reaction time: <b>0.5-1h</b></li>
 +
<li>Reaction temperature:<b> 22℃</b></li>
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
</div>
 +
<a class="expand-btn20">Show More</a>
 +
 +
</div><!-- .entry-content -->
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
<article id="post-4252" class="post-4252 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-150 tag-174 tag-xinjiang tag-173">
 +
<header class="entry-header">
 +
<h2 class="entry-title">6.Electroporation </h2>
 +
</header><!-- .entry-header -->
 +
 +
<div class="entry-content">
 +
 +
<div class="note-content21">
 +
 +
1.Cultures (<b>OD630=0.6–0.7</b>) which grow approaching the plateau are harvested.<br/>
 +
2.According to the quantity of transformation, one plasmid need <b>8-10mL</b> cultures. Cells are harvested by centrifugation at<b>3500rpm</b> for <b>13min</b> at<b> 4°C</b>.  <br/>
 +
3.Discard the supernatant, resuspend with <b>20mL</b> sterilized ultrapure water. Then, centrifuge at <b>3500rpm</b> for <b>13min</b> at <b>4°C</b>.<br/>
 +
4.Repeat step3.<br/>
 +
5.Add <b>200mL </b>sterilized ultrapure water for each plasmid.<br/>
 +
6. Plasmid(<b>2μg</b>) is added to <b>200mL</b> condensed cultures in a sterilized EP tube. Then transfer the mixture into a <b>2mm</b>-gap electroporation cuvette.<br/>
 +
7.Place them on the ice for<b> 1-3min</b>.<br/>
 +
8. Bacteria are pulsed at <b>2.5kV(1.8kV)</b>.<br/>
 +
9. <b>200μL </b>BG-11 medium(without antibiotics) is added into the electroporation mixture and incubate for <b>5h</b>.<br/>
 +
10. Use the liquid to spread the plate with antibiotics.
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
</div>
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<a class="expand-btn21">Show More</a>
 +
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</div><!-- .entry-content -->
 +
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 +
 +
<article id="post-4252" class="post-4252 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-150 tag-174 tag-xinjiang tag-173">
 +
<header class="entry-header">
 +
<h2 class="entry-title">7.Preparation of BG-11 medium </h2>
 +
</header><!-- .entry-header -->
 +
 +
<div class="entry-content">
 +
 +
<div class="note-content22">
 +
 +
<b><li>NaNO<sub>3</sub>: 1.5 g/L</li>
 +
<li>K<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub>·3H<sub>2</sub>O: 0.04 g/L</li>
 +
<li>MgSO<sub>4</sub>·7H<sub>2</sub>O: 0.075 g/L</li>
 +
<li>CaCl<sub>2</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O: 0.036 g/L</li>
 +
<li>Citric acid: 0.006 g/L</li>
 +
<li>Ferric ammonium citrate: 0.006 g/L</li>
 +
<li>EDTA(disodium magnesium salt): 0.001 g/L</li>
 +
<li>Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>: 0.02 g/L</li>
 +
<li>Trace metal mix A5+Co: 1 mL/L</li>
 +
<li>Deionized water: 1000 mL</li>
 +
<li>pH after autoclaving and cooling: 7.4 </li></b>
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
</div>
 +
<a class="expand-btn22">Show More</a>
 +
 +
</div><!-- .entry-content -->
 
          
 
          
 
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Latest revision as of 15:10, 19 October 2016

TEAM TIANJIN

LOGO



Team Tianjin-Attribution

General Protocols

1.Plasmid Extraction

We use the TIANprep Mini Plasmid Kit made by TIANGEN Biotech Co.,Ltd. to extract plasmid. Here is the protocol.
Add ethanol (96-100%) to Buffer PW before use, check bottle tag for the adding volume.
1. Column equilibration: Place a Spin Column CP3 in a clean collection tube, and add 500 μl Buffer BL to CP3. Centrifuge for 1 min at 12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g) in a table-top microcentrifuge. Discard the flow-through, and put the Spin Column CP3 back into the collection tube. (Please use freshly treated spin column).
2. Harvest 1-5 ml bacterial cells in a microcentrifuge tube by centrifugation at 12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g) in a conventional, table-top microcentrifuge for 1 min at room temperature (15-25°C), then remove all traces of supernatant by inverting the open centrifuge tube until all medium has been drained (For large volume of bacterial cells, please harvest to one tube by several centrifugation step.)
3. Re-suspend the bacterial pellet in 250 μl Buffer P1 (Ensure that RNase A has been added). The bacteria should be resuspended completely by vortex or pipetting up and down until no cell clumps remain.
Note: No cell clumps should be visible after resuspension ofthe pellet, otherwise incomplete lysis will lower yield and purity. 4. Add 250 μl Buffer P2 and mix gently and thoroughly by inverting the tube 6-8 times.
Note: Mix gently by inverting the tube. Do not vortex, as this will result in shearing of genomic DNA. If necessary, continue inverting the tube until the solution becomes viscous and slightly clear. Do not allow the lysis reaction to proceed for more than 5 min. If the lysate is still not clear, please reduce bacterial pellet.
5. Add 350 μl Buffer P3 and mix immediately and gently by inverting the tube 6-8 times. The solution should become cloudy. Centrifuge for 10 min at 12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g) in a table-top microcentrifuge.
Note: To avoid localized precipitation, mix the solution thoroughly, immediately after addition of Buffer P3. If there is still white precipitation in the supernatant, please centrifuge again.
6. Transfer the supernatant from step 5 to the Spin Column CP3 (place CP3 in a collection tube) by decanting or pipetting. Centrifuge for 30-60 s at 12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g). Discard the flow-through and set the Spin Column CP3 back into the Collection Tube.
7. (Optional, actually we hardly ever use) Wash the Spin Column CP3 by adding 500 μl Buffer PD and centrifuge for 30-60 s at 12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g). Discard the flow-through and put Spin Column CP3 back to the collection tube.
This step is recommended to remove trace nuclease activity when using endA+ strains such as the JM series, HB101 and its derivatives, or any wild-type strain, which have high levels of nuclease activity or high carbohydrate content.
8. Wash the Spin Column CP3 by adding 600 μl Buffer PW (ensure that ethanol (96%-100%) has been added) and centrifuge for 30-60 s at 12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g). Discard the flow-through, and put the Spin Colum CP3 back into the Collection Tube.
9. Repeat Step 8.
10. Centrifuge for an additional 2 min at 12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g) to remove residual wash Buffer PW.
Note: Residual ethanol from Buffer PW may inhibit subsequent enzymatic reactions. We suggest open CP3 lid and stay at room temperature for a while to get rid of residual ethanol.
11. Place the Spin Column CP3 in a clean 1.5 ml microcentrifuge tube. To elute DNA, add 50-100 μl Buffer EB to the center of the Spin Column CP3, incubate for 2 min, and centrifuge for 2 min at 12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g).
Note: If the volume of eluted buffer is less than 50 μl, it may affect recovery efficiency. The pH value of eluted buffer will have some influence in eluting; Buffer EB or distilled water (pH 7.0-8.5) is suggested to elute plasmid DNA. For long-term storage of DNA, eluting in Buffer EB and storing at -20°C is recommended, since DNA stored in water is subject to acid hydrolysis. Repeat step 11 to increase plasmid recovery efficiency.
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2.DNA Purification

We use the TIANquick Midi Purification Kit made by TIANGEN Biotech Co.,Ltd. to purify the DNA products of PCR and restriction endonuclease cutting. Here is the protocol.
Add ethanol (96-100%) to Buffer PW before use (see bottle label for volume).
1. Column equilibration: add 500 μl Buffer BL to the Spin Column CB2 (put Spin Column CB2 into a collection tube). Centrifuge for 1 min at 12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g). Discard the flow-through, and then place Spin Column CB2 back into the collection tube (please use freshly treated spin column).
2. Add 5 volumes of Buffer PB to 1 volume of the PCR reaction or enzymatic reaction and mix. It is not necessary to remove mineral oil or kerosene.
Note: For example, add 250 μl Buffer PB to 50 μl PCR reaction (not including oil).
3. Transfer the mixture to the Spin Column CB2, incubate at room temperature (15-25°C) for 2 min. Centrifuge for 30-60 s at 12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g) in a table-top microcentrifuge. Discard the flow-through, and then place Spin Column CB2 back into the same collection tube.
Note: The maximum loading volume of the column is 800 μl. For sample volumes greater than 800 μl simply load again.
4. Add 600 μl Buffer PW (ensure that ethanol (96-100%) has been added) to the Spin Column CB2 and centrifuge for 30-60 s at 12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g). Discard the flow-through, and place Spin Column CB2 back in the same collection tube.
Note: If the purified DNA is used for the subsequent salt sensitive experiments, such as ligation or sequencing experiment, it is suggested to stand for 2-5 min after adding Buffer PW, and then centrifuge.
5. Repeat step 4.
6. Centrifuge at 12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g) for 2 min to remove residual Buffer PW. Discard the flow-through, and allow the column to air dry with the cap open for several minutes to dry the membrane.
Note: Residual ethanol from Buffer PW may inhibit subsequent experiment (enzymatic or PCR reactions).
7. Place the Spin Column CB2 in a clean 1.5 ml microcentrifuge tube. Add 30-50 μl Buffer EB to the center of membrane, incubate for 2 min, and centrifuge for 2 min at 12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g).
Note: If the volume of eluted buffer is less than 30 μl, it may affect recovery efficiency. The pH value of eluted buffer will have big influence in eluting; distilled water (pH 7.0-8.5, adjusted with NaOH) is suggested to elute plasmid DNA, pH<7.0 will decrease elution efficiency. For long-term storage of DNA, eluting in Buffer EB and storing at -20°C is recommended, since DNA stored in water is subject to acid hydrolysis. Repeat step 7 to increase plasmid recovery efficiency.
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3.Agarose Gel Electrophoresis Products Recycling

We use the TIANgel Midi DNA Purification Kit made by TIANGEN Biotech Co.,Ltd. to recycle the DNA products from the agarose gel. Here is the protocol.
Add ethanol (96-100%) to Buffer PW before use (see bottle label for volume).
1. Column equilibration: add 500 μl Buffer BL to the Spin Column CA2 (put Spin Column CA2 into a collection tube). Centrifuge for 1 min at 12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g) in a table-top microcentrifuge. Discard the flow-through, and put Spin Column CA2 back into the collection tube (please use freshly treated spin column).
2. Cut the DNA fragment from agarose gel with a clean, sharp scalpel. Weigh the gel slice in a clean tube.
3. Add equivalent volume of Buffer PN to the gel (If the gel is 0.1 g, it is defaulted to be 100 μl, then add 100 μl Buffer PN). Incubate at 50°C by inverting up and down the tube until the agarose gel dissolves completely. If the agarose gel does not dissolve completely, incubate for longer period or add additional Buffer PN until all the agarose gel dissolved completely (If the agarose gel is too large, please cut the agarose gel into several pieces in advance).
Note: If DNA fragment is <300 bp, it is recommended to add isopropanol which is 1/2 volume of Buffer PN to the agarose gel sample after the gel completely dissolved. Cooling the solution at room temperature (15-25°C) and then add the solution to Spin Column CA2 since silica membrane of the column adsorbs DNA best at room temperature.
4. When the gel dissolved completely and the solution temperature turns to room temperature (15-25°C), transfer the mixture to the Spin Column CA2 (put Spin Column CA2 into a collection tube). Let the column stand for 2 min at room temperature (15-25°C), then centrifuge for 30-60 s at 12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g) in a table-top microcentrifuge. Discard the flow-through; place the Spin Column CA2 back into the collection tube again.
Note: The maximum loading volume of the column is 800 μl. For sample volumes greater than 800 μl simply load again.
5. Wash the Spin Column CA2 with 600 μl Buffer PW (ensure that ethanol (96-100%) has been added) and centrifuge for 30-60 s at 12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g). Discard the flow-through and place the Spin Column CA2 back into the collection tube.
Note: If the purified DNA is used for the salt sensitive experiments, such as direct sequencing and blunt-ended ligation, let the column stand for 2-5 min after adding Buffer PW, and then centrifuge.
6. Repeat Step 5.
7. Place the Spin Column CA2 back to the collection tube and centrifuge at 12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g) for 2 min to remove residual wash buffer. Discard the flow-through, and place column with the cap open for several minutes to air dry the membrane.
Note: Residual ethanol from Buffer PW will influence the subsequent enzymatic reaction (enzyme digestion, PCR etc).
8. Transfer the Spin Column CA2 to a clean 1.5 ml microcentrifuge tube. Add appropriate volume of Buffer EB to the center of the membrane, incubate at room temperature (15-25°C) for 2 min, then centrifuge at 12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g) for 2 min.
Note: The elution volume should not be less than 30 μl since smaller volume will affect recovery efficiency. The pH value of eluted buffer will affect eluting. If purified DNA is used for sequencing, it is recommended to choose ddH2O (pH 7.0-8.5) to elute DNA, pH<7.0 will decrease the elution efficiency. Obtained DNA should be stored at -20°C to prevent degradation. Buffer (10 mM Tris-Cl, pH 8.0) could also be used for DNA elution. For higher yield, pipette the eluate to the center of the membrane again, incubate 2 min and centrifuge at 12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g) for 2 min.
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4.Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

1. Preparation of TAE buffer: Add 242g Tris, 37.2g Na2EDTA·2H2O, 800mL ddH2O, after all the solute dissolve, add 57.1mL acetic acid and add ddH2O to make the total volume 1L.
2. Preparation of sample: Add DNA loading buffer to the DNA solution according to the dilution ratio of particular buffer.
3. Preparation of agarose gel: Add agarose powder 10g/L, 1×TAE buffer 100mL (variable, according to need), heat the mixture by microwave oven until the agarose was dissolved. After the solution cool down to touchable temperature, add 50-100μL/L Goldenview Nucleic acid dye to the solution. Then pour the solution to the gel mould with gel comb inserted and wait for its concretion.
4. Add samples to the gel pore: After the formation of gel, pull out the gel comb and take the gel out of the mould. Immerge the gel with 1×TAE buffer in the electrophoresis chamber. Using pipette to add marker and samples to different pore. (The content of pore depends on the gel comb, there are 3 kinds of volume, 10μL, 20μL, and 50μL) Do not stick the bottom and side of gel pore to prevent the leakage.
5. Turn on the electrical source to start the electrophoresis, the voltage is set at 150-160V and the electrophoresis time is set at 8-12min.
6. After the electrophoresis process end, the gel is observed under blue light or ultraviolet.
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5.Restriction Endonuclease Digestion

Prepare the system:
  • Total volume: 50μL
  • Restriction endonuclease: 2μL respectively
  • 10×Cut Smart Buffer: 5μL
  • DNA to be cut: 30μL
  • ddH2O: 13μL

  • Reaction time: 2h
  • Reaction temperature: 37℃
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    6.DNA Fragments Ligation

    Prepare the system:
  • Total volume: 20μL
  • T4 DNA ligase: 1μL
  • 5×Ligase Buffer: 4μL
  • DNA to be linked: (c1V1/L1): (c2V2/L2)=5:1. (c1: Concentration of cut DNA fragments; c2: Concentration of cut plasmid; V1: Volume of cut DNA fragments; V2: Volume of cut plasmid; L1: Length of cut DNA fragments; L2: Length of cut plasmid)
  • ddH2O: add to make the total volume 20μL

  • Reaction time: 2h
  • Reaction temperature: 22℃
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    7.PCR

    Prepare the system:
  • Total volume: 50μL
  • Q5 DNA Polymerase: 0.5μL
  • 5×Q5 DNA Polymerase Buffer: 10μL
  • Template: 1μL
  • dNTP: 1μL
  • Primers: Sense Primer and Anti-sense Primer, respectively 2.5μL
  • ddH2O: 32.5μL

  • Cycles: 25-35
  • Pre-denaturation: 98℃,30s
  • Denaturation: 98℃,5-10s
  • Annealing: Depend on the primers, generally 45-65℃,10-30s
  • Extension: 72℃,20-30s/kb
  • Fully extension: 72℃,2min
  • Product Storage: 4℃
  • Note: Different DNA polymerase has different protocol, this is only the case of Q5 DNA polymerase.
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    8.Colony PCR

    Prepare the system:
  • Total volume: 20μL
  • Colony PCR System: 2×Taq Master Mix (Dye added) 10μL
  • Primers: Sense Primer and Anti-sense Primer, respectively 1μL
  • ddH2O: 8μL
  • select single colony with stick and immerse the stick into the system for 1 min. Preparing the bacterial liquid and then add 1μL of it is also feasible.

  • Cycles: 25-35
  • Pre-denaturation: 94℃,5min
  • Denaturation: 94℃,30s
  • Annealing: Depend on the primers, generally 45-65℃,20-60s
  • Extension: 72℃, depend on the length of amplified fragment, generally 20-60s
  • Fully extension: 72℃,7min
  • Product Storage: 4℃

    • Note: Preparation of bacteria liquid Prepare the system:
  • Total volume: 50μL
  • ddH2O: 50μL
  • select single colony with stick and immerse the stick into the system for 1 min

  • Cycles: 3-4
  • Pre-denaturation: 99℃,4min
  • Renaturation: 4℃,4min
  • Product Storage: 4℃
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    9.TransT1 Transformation

    1. Mix 50μL competent E.coli cell with 10μL plasmids, and place them in ice bath for 30 min.
    2. Heat shock at 42℃ for 30 s.
    3. Put the system back on ice for 2 min.
    4. Add 500 μl of LB without antibiotics and incubate at 37 ℃ for 30-60 min with the shaking speed of 200rpm.
    5. Centrifuge the culture medium at 4000 rpm for 3min.
    6. Discard the supernatant and resuspend the sediment, use this resuspending liquid to spread the plate with antibiotics.
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    Protocols for Microbial Consortia

    1.16s-DNA

    Prepare the system:
  • Total volume: 20μL
  • Colony PCR System: 2×Taq Master Mix (Dye added) 10μL
  • ddH2O: 8.2μL
  • primer: 0.4μL each
  • bacteria liquid:1μL
  • The primer could copy the special 16s-DNA from this kind of bacteria.
  • The bacteria liquid is pretreatment.

  • Cycles: 25-35
  • Pre-denaturation: 94℃,2min
  • Denaturation: 94℃,30s
  • Annealing: Depend on the primers, generally 45-65℃,20-60s
  • Extension: 72℃, depend on the length of amplified fragment, generally 20-60s
  • Fully extension: 72℃,4min
  • Product Storage: 4℃
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    2. Preparation of W medium

    Initial medium
  • KH2PO4: 1.7 g/L
  • Na2HPO4: 9.8 g/L
  • (NH4)2SO4: 1.0 g/L
  • MgSO4·7H2O: 0.1 g/L
  • FeSO4·7H2O: 0.95 mg/L
  • MgO: 10.75 mg/L
  • CaCO3: 2.0 mg/L
  • ZnSO4·7H2O: 1.44 mg/L
  • CuSO4·5H2O: 0.25 mg/L
  • CoSO4·7H2O: 0.25 mg/L
  • H3BO3: 0.06 mg/L
  • HCl: 51.3ml/L
    •
    We modify initial formula for convenience, and modified formula is shown as following table:
  • KH2PO4: 1.7 g/L
  • Na2HPO4: 9.8 g/L
  • (NH4)2SO4: 1.0 g/L
  • NH4Cl: 0.865 g/L
  • MgSO4·7H2O: 0.1 g/L
  • MgCl2: 0.025 g/L
  • Mother solution: 1 ml/L
    •
    Formula of mother solution
  • FeSO4·7H2O: 0.95 g/L
  • CoCl2·6H2O: 0.236 g/L
  • CaCl2: 2.22 g/L
  • ZnSO4·7H2O: 1.44 g/L
  • CuSO4: 0.16 g/L
  • H3BO3: 0.06 g/L
    •
    Show More
    Protocols for Protein Engineering

    1.Preparation of the optimized yeast culture medium

  • Glucose:22g/L
  • Yeast Nitrogen Base:6.7g/L
  • Dispense mixture:1.224g/L
  • Agar:15g/L
  • His/Trp/Leu mixed solution:10ml/L
    •
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    2.pNPA assay

    A Buffer
  • Glycerol:400μl
  • Gal:1000μl
  • SC-Ura:3600μl
    •  B Buffer:
  • 10mM pNPA Buffer:50μl
  • PBS(pH=7.4):98μl
    •
    Show More
    Protocols for Cell-Free Protein Synthesis

    1.Cell-free protein synthesis system(50 µL)

  • ddH2O:7.9µL
  • Feeding buffer : 25µL
  • Mg2+ solution : 1.1µL
  • Gene( plasmid as template) : 1µL
  • Lysate : 15µL
    • Show More

    2.Preparation of pNPA degradation reaction system

    Substrate: 0.2mM pNPA water solution (0.0362g pNPA dissolving in ddH2O)
    Reaction system: 10 times diluted Enzyme solution(unpurified) mixed with the equal volume substrate. (pH=7)
    After static reaction at 39℃ for 8 hours, we detected the characteristic adsorption peak of the product ,pNP, which has no other characteristic adsorption peak except in 400nm.
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    3.Preparation of PET degradation reaction system

    Reaction system: PET was put into 20 times diluted Enzyme solution(unpurified).(pH=7)
    After static reaction at 39℃ for 2 days, we detected the characteristic adsorption peak of the product ,MHET, which has no other characteristic adsorption peak except in 260nm. And detect it every other day in the future 3-4 days.
    Show More
    Protocols for Cyanobacteria

    1.Restriction Endonuclease Cutting and Dephosphorylation

    Prepare the system:
  • Total volume: 100μL
  • Restriction endonuclease : 3μL respectively
  • 10×fastdigest Buffer: 10μL
  • Plasmids to be cut: 2μg
  • ddH2O: add to make the total volume 100μL

  • fast AP: add when reacting for 1.5h
  • Total reaction time: 2h
  • Reaction temperature: 37℃
    • Show More

    2.Phosphorylation

    Prepare the system:
  • Total volume: 20μL
  • ATP:2μL
  • 10×Buffer A:2μL
  • PNK:1μL
  • ddH2O: add to make the total volume 200μL

  • Reaction time:0.5h
  • Reaction temperature: 37℃
    • Show More

    3.Ligation of Phosphorylated DNA Fragments and Dephosphorylated Plasmids

    Prepare the system:
  • Total volume: 20μL
  • DNA fragment: 3μL
  • Plasmids to be ligase : 1μL
  • T4 Buffer: 2μL
  • PEG4000:2μL
  • T4 DNA ligase: 1μL
  • PCR H2O:11μL

  • Reaction time: >1h
  • Reaction temperature: 22℃
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    4.A-Tailing Reaction

    Prepare the system:
  • Total volume: 20μL
  • Talling-A reaction Buffer: 4μL
  • DNA fragment: 15μL
  • Taq DNA Polymerase: 1μL

  • Reaction time: >0.5h
  • Reaction temperature: 72℃
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    5.TA cloning

    Prepare the system:
  • Total volume: 10μL
  • 5×Buffer:2μL
  • Vector:0.5μL
  • DNA fragment: 7μL
  • T4 DNA ligase: 0.5μL

  • Reaction time: 0.5-1h
  • Reaction temperature: 22℃
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    6.Electroporation

    1.Cultures (OD630=0.6–0.7) which grow approaching the plateau are harvested.
    2.According to the quantity of transformation, one plasmid need 8-10mL cultures. Cells are harvested by centrifugation at3500rpm for 13min at 4°C.
    3.Discard the supernatant, resuspend with 20mL sterilized ultrapure water. Then, centrifuge at 3500rpm for 13min at 4°C.
    4.Repeat step3.
    5.Add 200mL sterilized ultrapure water for each plasmid.
    6. Plasmid(2μg) is added to 200mL condensed cultures in a sterilized EP tube. Then transfer the mixture into a 2mm-gap electroporation cuvette.
    7.Place them on the ice for 1-3min.
    8. Bacteria are pulsed at 2.5kV(1.8kV).
    9. 200μL BG-11 medium(without antibiotics) is added into the electroporation mixture and incubate for 5h.
    10. Use the liquid to spread the plate with antibiotics.
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    7.Preparation of BG-11 medium

  • NaNO3: 1.5 g/L
  • K2HPO4·3H2O: 0.04 g/L
  • MgSO4·7H2O: 0.075 g/L
  • CaCl2·2H2O: 0.036 g/L
  • Citric acid: 0.006 g/L
  • Ferric ammonium citrate: 0.006 g/L
  • EDTA(disodium magnesium salt): 0.001 g/L
  • Na2CO3: 0.02 g/L
  • Trace metal mix A5+Co: 1 mL/L
  • Deionized water: 1000 mL
  • pH after autoclaving and cooling: 7.4
    • Show More


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