The functionality of a balloon for any purpose is dependent upon the lift it can generate and the lifespan of its membrane. To generate lift, a balloon must contain lighter than air gas at a volume that counteracts the weight of its membrane. However, it must be able to withstand the strain of expansion and compression under low pressures and volatile temperatures. The extreme atmospheric conditions and radiation climate present on many extraterrestrial bodies form a challenging setting for balloon exploration.

Biological membranes are a key component of any living organism. However, most naturally occurring membranes are optimized for containing liquids and have little functionality with gas. Our team investigated the biological production of both synthetic and organic membranes resilient enough to contain hydrogen in high atmospheric conditions. To create a flexible membrane, we synthesized latex bacterially, and designed a composite membrane of elastin and collagen based on their dynamic properties in vivo. To strengthen our membranes against high stress, we investigated p-aramid fibers, the main constituent monomer of Kevlar. To increase our membranes’ radiation resistance, we produced bacterial melanin, and designed a novel binding agent to incorporate the pigment directly into our balloons. The results of these investigations are covered in more detail in the various subproject pages.